{"id":1518,"date":"2018-11-08T06:07:37","date_gmt":"2018-11-08T05:07:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/?p=1518"},"modified":"2020-11-24T16:28:24","modified_gmt":"2020-11-24T15:28:24","slug":"skalicke-ulice-stefanikova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/skalicke-ulice-stefanikova\/","title":{"rendered":"Skalick\u00e9 ulice &#8211; \u0160tef\u00e1nikova"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Gen. PhDr. Milan Rastislav \u0160tef\u00e1nik (* 21. j\u00fal 1880, Ko\u0161arisk\u00e1 \u2013 \u2020\u00a04.\u00a0m\u00e1j 1919, Ivanka pri Dunaji), syn evanjelick\u00e9ho far\u00e1ra v\u00a0Ko\u0161arisk\u00e1ch (narodil sa ako siedmy z\u00a0deviatich det\u00ed), slovensk\u00fd vedec, astron\u00f3m, fotograf, vojensk\u00fd letec, brig\u00e1dny gener\u00e1l ozbrojen\u00fdch s\u00edl Franc\u00fazska, diplomat a\u00a0politik. Mal najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu z\u00e1sluhu na formovan\u00ed \u010desko-slovensk\u00e9ho zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho odboja po\u010das prvej svetovej vojny. Zohral d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri organizovan\u00ed \u010desko-slovensk\u00fdch l\u00e9gi\u00ed a\u00a0sprostredkovan\u00ed kontaktov na franc\u00fazskych \u0161t\u00e1tnych funkcion\u00e1rov. Spolu s\u00a0Tom\u00e1\u0161om Garriguom Masarykom a\u00a0Edvardom Bene\u0161om bol k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou osobou pri zalo\u017een\u00ed \u010cSR. Po absolvovan\u00ed Karlovej univerzity v\u00a0Prahe sa za\u010dal venova\u0165 astron\u00f3mii. Aj preto sa rozhodol od\u00eds\u0165 do Par\u00ed\u017ea. \u00daspe\u0161ne sa preb\u00edjal v\u00a0cudzom svete, lebo sa prebi\u0165 chcel. Za hviezdami a\u00a0poznan\u00edm precestoval takmer cel\u00fd svet.<\/p>\n<p>Viackr\u00e1t vyst\u00fapil na najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrch Eur\u00f3py Mont Blanc. R\u00e1d nav\u0161tevoval Tahiti a\u00a0okolit\u00e9 ostrovy v\u00a0Tichom oce\u00e1ne. \u0160tef\u00e1nikove smel\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny preru\u0161il po\u017eiar prvej svetovej vojny. Ako franc\u00fazsky letec, nesk\u00f4r ako gener\u00e1l a\u00a0politik, bojoval za rozbitie Rak\u00fasko-Uhorska. Na jar 1916 robil prieskumn\u00e9 lety v\u00a0oblasti Gorice, Tridentu, jazera Lago di Garda a\u00a0rieky So\u010de. Osobne zhadzoval let\u00e1ky s\u00a0v\u00fdzvou k\u00a0\u010cechom, Slov\u00e1kom a\u00a0v\u00f4bec Slovanom, aby prech\u00e1dzali do zajatia a\u00a0obr\u00e1tili sa proti katanom na\u0161ich n\u00e1rodov. Jeho z\u00e1sluhou sa vo febru\u00e1ri 1916 razantn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom zvidite\u013enilo vznikaj\u00face \u010desko-slovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 hnutie. Stretol sa s\u00a0s\u00a0franc\u00fazskym ministersk\u00fdm predsedom Briandom, informoval ho o\u00a0n\u00e1rodnom hnut\u00ed a\u00a0dohodol u\u00a0neho sch\u00f4dzku s\u00a0Masarykom. Bolo to prv\u00e9 prijatie Masaryka u\u00a0najvy\u0161\u0161ieho vl\u00e1dneho predstavite\u013ea ve\u013emoc\u00ed Dohody. Napokon aj n\u00e1zov \u010cesko-slovensk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00e1 rada (\u010cSNR) sa po prv\u00fd raz objavil v\u00a0tzv. kyjevskom z\u00e1pise zo d\u0148a 29.\u00a0augusta 1916 (nap\u00edsal a\u00a0presadil ho \u0160tef\u00e1nik). Bil sa za najvy\u0161\u0161iu autoritu \u010cSNR, na ist\u00fd \u010das sa stal i\u00a0jej predsedom. V\u00a0Taliansku zase svojim diplomatick\u00fdm majstrovstvom z\u00edskal s\u00fahlas vl\u00e1dy na vytvorenie bojov\u00fdch jednotiek zo zajatcov \u010deskej a\u00a0slovenskej n\u00e1rodnosti. V\u00a0mene \u010cSNR 21. apr\u00edla 1918 podp\u00edsal s\u00a0predsedom vl\u00e1dy Orlandom zmluvu o\u00a0zriaden\u00ed \u010desko-slovenskej arm\u00e1dy. Tak Taliansko uznalo \u010cSNR ako politick\u00e9ho reprezentanta e\u0161te neexistuj\u00faceho \u0161t\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n<p>Nesk\u00f4r odcestoval u\u017e ako gener\u00e1l cez USA a\u00a0Japonsko do Ruska, na Sib\u00edr, aby tam organizoval protibo\u013e\u0161evick\u00e9 l\u00e9gie. \u0160tef\u00e1nik bol pr\u00e1ve v\u00a0Japonsku, ke\u010f bola v\u00a0Prahe 28.\u00a0okt\u00f3bra 1918 vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e1 \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 republika, aj 11. novembra, ke\u010f bolo uzavret\u00e9 pr\u00edmerie na franc\u00fazsko-nemeckom fronte. Pre vznik vlastn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu urobil v\u0161etko \u010do mohol, chcel by\u0165 Oslobodite\u013eom, ale pri rozhoduj\u00facich udalostiach v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe, teda, ani doma nebol. \u0160tef\u00e1nik, u\u017e vtedy vo funkcii \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho ministra vojny sa tak ocitol <em>\u201ev\u00a0nespr\u00e1vnom \u010dase, na nespr\u00e1vnom mieste!\u201c<\/em> Zo Sib\u00edri cestoval sp\u00e4\u0165 do Eur\u00f3py dva mesiace. Ke\u010f 15. marca 1919 pri\u0161iel do Par\u00ed\u017ea, presved\u010dil sa, \u017ee jeho postavenie vo franc\u00fazskych najvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch kruhoch zaujal Bene\u0161, ktor\u00fd aj predkladal na Mierovej konferencii \u010desko-slovensk\u00e9 dokumenty a\u00a0obhajoval z\u00e1ujmy nov\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu. \u0160tef\u00e1nika to ve\u013emi bolelo. Ve\u013ek\u00fdm zdrojom nap\u00e4tia medzi n\u00edm a\u00a0Bene\u0161om sa stal aj franc\u00fazsko-taliansky spor, mali podstatne rozdielne predstavy o\u00a0zahrani\u010dnej politike \u010cSR. \u0160tef\u00e1nik potom odcestoval do Talianska. Pr\u00e1ve v\u00a0s\u00favislosti s\u00a0touto z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou sa \u0160tef\u00e1nik verejne vyjadril o\u00a0Bene\u0161ovi ako o\u00a0ne\u010destnom \u010dloveku. Ten to pova\u017eoval za koniec ich vz\u0165ahov a\u00a0v\u00a0liste z\u00a05. apr\u00edla nazna\u010dil Masarykovi potrebu nov\u00e9ho ministra vojny. Masaryk mu 24. apr\u00edla ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee \u0160tef\u00e1nikovi navrhne, aby sa vzdal ministerstva. <em>\u201eCo s\u00a0n\u00edm d\u00e1le, nev\u00edm: na Slovensku? Sotva, nejl\u00e9pe by byl \u0158\u00edm, jes<\/em><em>tli\u017ee Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e je vylou\u010dena.\u201c<\/em> Do 4.\u00a0m\u00e1ja 1919 sa na tom ni\u010d nezmenilo.<\/p>\n<p>Na let v\u00a0onen osudn\u00fd de\u0148 z\u00a0letiska Campoformido pri Udine (Taliansko) do Bratislavy, a\u00a0n\u00e1sledne zrejme aj do Prahy, pripravovali talianski mechanici lietadlo Caproni 450. Pre trvale zl\u00e9 po\u010dasie v\u0161ak po\u010das dvoch dn\u00ed nemohli odletie\u0165. V\u00a0nede\u013eu 4.\u00a0m\u00e1ja 1919 o\u00a0\u00f4smej hodine siedmej min\u00fate miestneho \u010dasu \u0161tart riskli. A\u00a0trag\u00e9diu na letisku v\u00a0Ivanke pri Dunaji u\u017e v\u0161etci pozn\u00e1me. Spr\u00e1va o\u00a0hav\u00e1rii lietadla zaraz priletela i\u00a0do Skalice. Pr\u00e1ve v\u00a0\u010dase trag\u00e9die tu obedovali (kr\u00e1tko na to ako zasadili Lipu slobody) minister pre spr\u00e1vu Slovenska Vavro \u0160rob\u00e1r a\u00a0hlavn\u00fd velite\u013e \u010desko-slovensk\u00e9ho vojska Piccione. Ihne\u010f sa vybrali do Bratislavy. \u0160rob\u00e1r za\u010dal organizova\u0165 pohreb a\u00a0Piccione zis\u0165ova\u0165, \u010do sa vlastne stalo.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0t\u00fdch d\u0148och v\u0161ak Bene\u0161, pod vplyvom majest\u00e1tu smrti, nap\u00edsal vecne presn\u00e9 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie uznanie \u0160tef\u00e1nika, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e nikto neprekonal a\u00a0ani on s\u00e1m sa k\u00a0nemu nevr\u00e1til. Aspo\u0148 p\u00e1r Bene\u0161ov\u00fdch viet o\u00a0\u0160tef\u00e1nikovi: <em>\u201eOn to byl (&#8230;), kter\u00fd dal prvn\u00ed z\u00e1klady na\u0161\u00ed diplomatick\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a\u00a0kter\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b byl prvn\u00edm a\u00a0nejlep\u0161\u00edm na\u0161\u00edm diplomatem &#8230; Byl to duch velik\u00fd, kter\u00fd vid\u011bl v\u00a0\u010deskoslovensk\u00e9m probl\u00e9mu jen mali\u010dkou sou\u010d\u00e1st probl\u00e9mu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd d\u011blal v\u017edy jen sv\u011btovou politiku a\u00a0kter\u00fd \u0159e\u0161il probl\u00e9m v\u00e1lky v\u017edycky jen sv\u011btov\u011b &#8230; on to byl, kter\u00fd princip z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed arm\u00e1dy p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm postavil a\u00a0s\u00a0krajn\u00ed ob\u011btavost\u00ed probojov\u00e1val &#8230; Byl skute\u010dn\u011b krajn\u011b pracovit\u00fd, byl neoby\u010dejn\u011b poctiv\u00fd a\u00a0l\u00e1sku k\u00a0lidem pokl\u00e1dal za hlavn\u00ed vlastnost \u010dlov\u011bka &#8230; M\u011bl neoby\u010dejnou odvahu slova a\u00a0ve sv\u00e9m jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0lidmi \u010dasto si je z\u00edsk\u00e1val t\u00edm, \u017ee dovedl jim \u0159\u00edci ne\u00fastupn\u011b pravdu do o\u010d\u00ed &#8230; \u010casto \u0159\u00edk\u00e1val, \u017ee t\u011b\u017eko bude mo\u017eno oceniti to, co v\u00a0boji zahrani\u010dn\u00edm v\u0161ecko ud\u011blal.\u201c<\/em><br \/>\n(\u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 korespondence, Par\u00ed\u017e, 6. m\u00e1ja 1919).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Pavol Dinka<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Gen. PhDr. Milan Rastislav \u0160tef\u00e1nik (* 21. j\u00fal 1880, Ko\u0161arisk\u00e1 \u2013 \u2020\u00a04.\u00a0m\u00e1j 1919, Ivanka pri Dunaji), syn evanjelick\u00e9ho far\u00e1ra v\u00a0Ko\u0161arisk\u00e1ch (narodil sa ako siedmy z\u00a0deviatich det\u00ed), slovensk\u00fd vedec, astron\u00f3m, fotograf, vojensk\u00fd letec, brig\u00e1dny gener\u00e1l ozbrojen\u00fdch <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/skalicke-ulice-stefanikova\/\" title=\"Skalick\u00e9 ulice &#8211; \u0160tef\u00e1nikova\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":17,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1518","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-skalicke-ulice"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1518","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1518"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1521,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1518\/revisions\/1521"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1518"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}