{"id":1632,"date":"2018-12-12T03:11:53","date_gmt":"2018-12-12T02:11:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/?p=1632"},"modified":"2019-02-14T13:24:48","modified_gmt":"2019-02-14T12:24:48","slug":"historicky-klenot-skalickych-vianoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/historicky-klenot-skalickych-vianoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Historick\u00fd klenot Skalick\u00fdch Vianoc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Adventn\u00e9 obdobie, v\u00a0ktorom sa pr\u00e1ve nach\u00e1dzame, vyvrchol\u00ed pre deti ur\u010dite najkraj\u0161\u00edmi sviatkami \u2013 Vianocami. O\u00a0ich pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017elivosti pochybuje len m\u00e1lokto. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0n\u00e1s si spom\u00edna na svoje detsk\u00e9 roky, ke\u010f sa nevedel do\u010dka\u0165 toho magick\u00e9ho \u0160tedr\u00e9ho ve\u010dera, pln\u00e9ho kr\u00e1snych prekvapen\u00ed od Je\u017ei\u0161ka pod strom\u010dekom. Kr\u00e1sa \u201etichej noci\u201c je nav\u017edy ukryt\u00e1 v\u00a0dvoch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch historick\u00fdch skalick\u00fdch betlehemoch vo farskom a\u00a0franti\u0161k\u00e1nskom kostole.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

NAJSTAR\u0160IE ZMIENKY<\/h4>\n

Betlehem, ako zn\u00e1zornenie udalost\u00ed pri naroden\u00ed Krista, m\u00e1 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci kres\u0165anstva na eur\u00f3pskom kontinente dlh\u00fa trad\u00edciu. Za prv\u00fd betlehem v\u00f4bec sa pova\u017euje vysluhovanie sv. om\u0161e sv. Franti\u0161kom z\u00a0Assisi v\u00a0noci 24. decembra 1223 v\u00a0lese pri jasliach ne\u010faleko talianskeho mesta Greccio. V\u00a0habsburskej monarchii sa prv\u00fd betlehem objavil a\u017e v\u00a016. storo\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0na Vianoce v\u00a0roku 1616 boli v\u00a0Salzburgu prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t vystaven\u00e9 pohybliv\u00e9 plastiky.\u00a0 K\u00a0najstar\u0161\u00edm zmienkam o\u00a0betlehemoch na Z\u00e1hor\u00ed patr\u00ed \u00fadaj z\u00a0roku 1771, ktor\u00fd sved\u010d\u00ed o\u00a0v\u00fdrobe \u201ekastle\u201c na betlehem vo farskom kostole v\u00a0Skalici. Cech \u0161evcov za \u0148u vtedy zaplatil 10 zlat\u00fdch. Impulzom k\u00a0rozmachu betlehemov v\u00a0dom\u00e1cnostiach bolo, paradoxne, nariadenie Jozefa II. z\u00a0roku 1782, ktor\u00fdm zak\u00e1zal vystavova\u0165 betlehemy, ako ned\u00f4stojn\u00e9 zobrazenie Kristovho narodenia. Reakcia bola prakticky okam\u017eit\u00e1 a\u00a0tak sa od konca 18. storo\u010dia postupne za\u010d\u00edna rozv\u00edja\u0165 v\u00fdroba betlehemov na vidieku.<\/p>\n

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Foto: Eduard Timko
Detail fig\u00far betlehemu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BETLEHEM M\u00c1 SVOJE PRAVIDL\u00c1<\/h4>\n

Z\u00a0ikonografick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska mo\u017eno betlehem roz\u010dleni\u0165 na nieko\u013eko \u010dast\u00ed. V\u00a0centr\u00e1lnej \u010dasti je v\u017edy Jezuliatko, Panna M\u00e1ria, sv. Jozef, anjel a\u00a0dvojica zvierat. Jezuliatko b\u00fdva zobrazen\u00e9 v\u00a0troch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch podob\u00e1ch. Prv\u00fa predstavuje die\u0165a hne\u010f po naroden\u00ed, nah\u00e9 alebo zahalen\u00e9 a\u00a0ulo\u017een\u00e9 v\u00a0jasliach. Druh\u00e9 zobrazenie, najviac zast\u00fapen\u00e9 v\u00a0kostoloch na Z\u00e1hor\u00ed, predstavuje bato\u013ea, na\u0165ahuj\u00face r\u00fa\u010dky pri pr\u00edchode pastierov. Tret\u00edm typom je die\u0165a, sediace na matkinom lone pri pr\u00edchode troch kr\u00e1\u013eov, \u010dasto oble\u010den\u00e9 v\u00a0drahom odeve.\u00a0 Sv. Jozef bol taktie\u017e zobrazovan\u00fd v\u00a0r\u00f4znych podob\u00e1ch, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ako bdej\u00faci otec, s\u00a0palicou alebo lamp\u00e1\u0161om, pr\u00edpadne k\u013ea\u010diaci. Spodn\u00fd odev by mal ma\u0165 \u017elt\u00fd a\u00a0na \u0148om prehoden\u00fd slivkovomodr\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, \u010do sa v\u0161ak v\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch na Z\u00e1hor\u00ed nezhoduje.\u00a0 Panna M\u00e1ria je na Z\u00e1hor\u00ed zobrazovan\u00e1 vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov ako k\u013ea\u010diaca, menej \u010dasto sediaca. Z\u00a0poh\u013eadu div\u00e1ka by mala by\u0165 situovan\u00e1 na\u013eavo od Jezuliatka. Na jej r\u00fachu sa uplat\u0148uj\u00fa farby biela, symbolizuj\u00faca \u010distotu, modr\u00e1, predstavuj\u00faca vernos\u0165 a\u00a0Krista a\u00a0\u010derven\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 zastupuje l\u00e1sku a\u00a0bo\u017estvo.\u00a0 S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou centr\u00e1lnej sc\u00e9ny narodenia Je\u017ei\u0161a je neodmyslite\u013ene aj anjel s\u00a0n\u00e1pisom v\u00a0latin\u010dine alebo sloven\u010dine, ktor\u00fd naj\u010dastej\u0161ie hl\u00e1sa \u201eSl\u00e1va Bohu na v\u00fdsostiach\u201c.<\/p>\n

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Foto: Eduard Timko
Detail fig\u00far betlehemu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1 sc\u00e9na pozost\u00e1va z\u00a0pastierov, oviec, troch kr\u00e1\u013eov a\u00a0ich sprievodu. Otvoren\u00fa sc\u00e9nu dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa hudobn\u00edci a\u00a0fig\u00farky \u013eud\u00ed, prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00facich dary.\u00a0Ako doklad\u00e1 Luk\u00e1\u0161ovo evanjelium, prv\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi, ktor\u00ed sa dozvedeli o\u00a0naroden\u00ed Spasite\u013ea a\u00a0pri\u0161li sa mu pokloni\u0165, boli pastieri. Ich po\u010det v\u0161ak nebol presne zaznamenan\u00fd. D\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou betlehemskej sc\u00e9ny s\u00fa \u201etraja kr\u00e1li\u201c. P\u00f4vodne ich bolo viac. Nako\u013eko v\u00a0biblick\u00fdch textoch sa ich po\u010det neuv\u00e1dza, kol\u00edsal od desa\u0165 do dvan\u00e1s\u0165. Nesk\u00f4r sa ust\u00e1lil na troch. Boli to mudrci, prich\u00e1dzaj\u00faci z\u00a0v\u00fdchodu a\u00a0prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00faci dary, tradi\u010dne ozna\u010den\u00ed ako Ga\u0161par, Melichar a\u00a0Baltaz\u00e1r. Melichar bol zobrazovan\u00fd v\u00a0podobe star\u00e9ho \u0161ediv\u00e9ho k\u013ea\u010diaceho mu\u017ea so zlo\u017eenou korunou, ktor\u00fd prin\u00e1\u0161a Jezuliatku zlato. Baltaz\u00e1r je mlad\u0161\u00ed, na hlave m\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvku, pripom\u00ednaj\u00facu turban, a\u00a0prin\u00e1\u0161a kadidlo. Posledn\u00fd je Ga\u0161par \u010diernej pleti s\u00a0myrhou. Ako ich sprievod sa v\u00a0betlehemoch na Z\u00e1hor\u00ed vyskytuj\u00fa sluhovia, menej vojaci a, samozrejme, zvierat\u00e1 \u2013 k\u00f4\u0148, slon a\u00a0\u0165ava.<\/p>\n

DEDI\u010cSTVO OTCOV ZACHOVAJ N\u00c1M PANE<\/h4>\n

Betlehemy k\u00a0Vianociam neodmyslite\u013ene patria. Vznikali pod rukami v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch umelcov i\u00a0jednoduch\u00fdch \u013eudov\u00fdch tvorcov. Dodnes oslovuj\u00fa \u013eud\u00ed svojim p\u00f4vabom a\u00a0poetikou. Ticho a\u00a0Sv\u00e4tos\u0165 sa podarilo zachyti\u0165 aj tvorcom skalick\u00fdch betlehemov. Preto si po\u010das viano\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia doprajme v\u00fdnimo\u010dnos\u0165 chv\u00edle pri zastaven\u00ed sa pred dvomi historick\u00fdmi skvostami v\u00a0na\u0161om farskom a\u00a0franti\u0161k\u00e1nskom kostole. Tieto v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9 diela n\u00e1m tu zanechali na\u0161i predkovia. A\u00a0na\u0161ou \u00falohou je zachova\u0165 t\u00fato kr\u00e1su \u010falej, na\u0161im de\u0165om, vnukom, pravnukom… a\u00a0to je kolobeh dej\u00edn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Adventn\u00e9 obdobie, v\u00a0ktorom sa pr\u00e1ve nach\u00e1dzame, vyvrchol\u00ed pre deti ur\u010dite najkraj\u0161\u00edmi sviatkami \u2013 Vianocami. O\u00a0ich pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017elivosti pochybuje len m\u00e1lokto. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0n\u00e1s si spom\u00edna na svoje detsk\u00e9 roky, ke\u010f sa nevedel do\u010dka\u0165 toho magick\u00e9ho \u0160tedr\u00e9ho ve\u010dera, […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":1635,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1632","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-ja-su-ze-skalice"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1632"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1639,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1632\/revisions\/1639"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}