{"id":1725,"date":"2018-12-12T03:13:12","date_gmt":"2018-12-12T02:13:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/?p=1725"},"modified":"2025-01-30T23:51:58","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T22:51:58","slug":"ziariva-historia-vianocnych-stromcekov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/ziariva-historia-vianocnych-stromcekov\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017diariv\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria viano\u010dn\u00fdch strom\u010dekov"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vianoce s\u00fa nesporne najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm sviatkom, ak\u00fd po\u010das roka v\u00a0na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch sveta sl\u00e1vi takmer cel\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165. Pripom\u00ednanie si narodenia Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista prer\u00e1stlo svojim obsahom do ove\u013ea \u0161ir\u0161ieho pon\u00edmania sviatkov pokoja a\u00a0mieru. Vyvrcholenie roka v\u00a0zmieren\u00ed, euf\u00f3rii, stret\u00e1van\u00ed rod\u00edn a\u00a0rast\u00facej filantropii je t\u00fdmto svojim obsahom a\u00a0posolstvom jednou z\u00a0najkraj<\/strong>\u0161\u00edch trad\u00edci\u00ed, k\u00a0akej sme mohli dospie\u0165. Pre kres\u0165ansk\u00e9 alebo len tradi\u010dn\u00e9 vn\u00edmanie tohto obdobia je \u00fastredn\u00fdm symbolom sviato\u010dnej v\u00fdzdoby viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek. Vo svojej najjednoduch\u0161ej forme ako ihli\u010dnan, ozdoben\u00fd jab\u013a\u010dkami a\u00a0orechmi, je kr\u00e1snym priamo\u010diarym spojen\u00edm toho, \u010do pon\u00faka pr\u00edroda v\u00a0obdob\u00ed Vianoc a\u00a0rodiacich sadov v\u00a0najplodnej\u0161om \u010dase. M\u00e1 svoje znaky, miesto, \u00falohu, no predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zauj\u00edmav\u00fa hist\u00f3riu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Foto: internet
V\u00a0obdob\u00ed adventu sa prv\u00e9 objavuj\u00fa honosn\u00e9 a\u00a0bohato zdoben\u00e9 strom\u010deky v\u00a0centr\u00e1ch miest. V\u00a0Skalici sa ka\u017edoro\u010dne objav\u00ed ve\u013ek\u00fd strom na N\u00e1mest\u00ed slobody a\u00a0vraj je jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0najkraj\u0161\u00edch na celom Slovensku.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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STAR\u00dd SYMBOL NOV\u00c9HO SVIATKU<\/h4>\n

Term\u00edn Vianoc, pripadaj\u00faci na obdobie od 24. do 26. decembra sa pribli\u017ene kryje s\u00a0d\u0148om zimn\u00e9ho slnovratu, ktor\u00fd dnes nast\u00e1va okolo 21. decembra. Vtedy je na severnej pologuli najkrat\u0161\u00ed de\u0148 v\u00a0roku a\u00a0od tohto d\u00e1tumu sa za\u010d\u00edna de\u0148 predl\u017eova\u0165. Tradi\u010dn\u00fdm d\u00e1tumom tejto udalosti bol v\u0161ak 25. december a\u00a0u\u017e v\u00a0staroveku sa stoto\u017e\u0148oval so Sviatkom zrodenia nepremo\u017eite\u013en\u00e9ho slnka \u2013 Dies Natalis Solis Invicti. Ako cirkevn\u00fd sviatok je po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t dolo\u017een\u00fd vo Filokalovom kalend\u00e1ri z\u00a0roku 354. 25. december, ako d\u00e1tum narodenia Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista, sp\u00e4tne vypo\u010d\u00edtal r\u00edmsky pr\u00e1vnik, spisovate\u013e a\u00a0cirkevn\u00fd otec Quintus\u00a0Tertullianus (asi v\u00a0r. 155 \u2013 222). Hist\u00f3ria viano\u010dn\u00e9ho strom\u010deka v\u0161ak m\u00e1 svoju vlastn\u00fa cestu.<\/p>\n

Predobraz tejto trad\u00edcie by sme mohli rozpozna\u0165 u\u017e v\u00a0zdoben\u00ed stromov a\u00a0vetiev, ktor\u00fdm Kelti uctievali boha Slnka. Rovnak\u00fdm zvykom Germ\u00e1nske kmene po\u010das zimn\u00e9ho slnovratu oslavovali svojho boha Wotana. Z\u010faleka v\u0161ak neboli prv\u00ed a\u00a0ako ni\u0165 sa snaha o\u00a0vr\u00e1tenie \u017eivota do pr\u00edrody v\u00a0obdob\u00ed jej odpo\u010dinku tiahne kult\u00farami ve\u013emi rozdielnymi a\u00a0vzdialen\u00fdmi. Jednou z\u00a0najstar\u0161\u00edch je babylonsk\u00fd epos o\u00a0bohovi zrodenia Nimrodovi. Tento pr\u00edbeh rozpr\u00e1va o\u00a0v\u017edyzelenom strome, ktor\u00fd vyr\u00e1stol zo such\u00e9ho kme\u0148a.<\/p>\n

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STROM\u010cEK AKO HO POZN\u00c1ME<\/h4>\n

Pod\u013ea legendy, traduj\u00facej sa v\u00a0nemeck\u00fdch zemiach, sa n\u00e1pad prinies\u0165 si strom\u010dek z\u00a0prech\u00e1dzky domov zrodil priamo v\u00a0hlave Martina Luthera. Ist\u00e9 je, \u017ee jedno z\u00a0prv\u00fdch svedectiev o\u00a0osvetlenom a\u00a0ozdobenom strom\u010deku v\u00a0miestnosti po\u010das Vianoc poskytuje z\u00e1pis v\u00a0br\u00e9mskej kronike z\u00a0roku 1570. Zatia\u013e sa tak dialo len v\u00a0cechov\u00fdch priestoroch, preto\u017ee do dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed za\u010dali prenika\u0165 a\u017e o\u00a0sto rokov nesk\u00f4r. A\u017e z\u00a0prvej polovice 19. storo\u010dia m\u00e1me z\u00e1znamy o\u00a0strom\u010dekoch v\u00a0Gdansku, Viedni, Bud\u00edne, Par\u00ed\u017ei, Lond\u00fdne, R\u00edme, … K\u00a0ich popularite a\u00a0ob\u013e\u00fabenosti prispel ve\u013ekou mierou man\u017eel kr\u00e1\u013eovnej Vikt\u00f3rie princ Albert, ktor\u00fd strom\u010dek umiestnil vo Windsorskom z\u00e1mku v\u00a0roku 1841.<\/p>\n

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Na \u00fazemie Slovenska sa dost\u00e1va zvyk zdobenia strom\u010deka pr\u00e1ve z\u00a0nemeck\u00fdch a\u00a0rak\u00faskych miest koncom 18. storo\u010dia. Najprv sa udom\u00e1cnil v\u00a0mest\u00e1ch a\u00a0postupne i\u00a0na vidieku. Do ro\u013en\u00edckych domov v\u00a0od\u013eahl\u00fdch \u010dastiach sa dostal dokonca a\u017e za\u010diatkom 20. storo\u010dia, kedy sa objavuje i\u00a0zvyk vklada\u0165 pod strom\u010dek dar\u010deky pre svojich bl\u00edzkych. Spo\u010diatku boli strom\u010deky na vidieku zdoben\u00e9 slamou, nesk\u00f4r jablkami a\u00a0ozdobami zo \u0161\u00fapolia. V\u00a0me\u0161tianskych dom\u00e1cnostiach sa ozdoby vyr\u00e1bali z\u00a0papiera a\u00a0\u0161ili napr\u00edklad zo zamatu.<\/p>\n

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SVETLO Z\u00a0BETLEHEMA<\/h4>\n

Svetlom mal\u00fdch voskov\u00fdch svie\u010dok sa viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek roz\u017eiaril u\u017e v\u00a018. storo\u010d\u00ed. Pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee sa plame\u0148om sl\u00e1vnostne roz\u017eiari cel\u00fd, aj s\u00a0domom, bola vysok\u00e1 a\u00a0\u00famern\u00e1 bl\u00edzkosti \u017eivicou nasiaknut\u00fdch ihli\u010diek a\u00a0papierov\u00fdch ozd\u00f4b. Ex oriente lux svetlo prich\u00e1dza z\u00a0v\u00fdchodu. Symbolicky plat\u00ed s\u00edce latinsk\u00e9 \u00faslovie i\u00a0v\u00a0tomto pr\u00edpade, no prakticky treba obr\u00e1ti\u0165 pozornos\u0165 opa\u010dn\u00fdm smerom, na z\u00e1pad. Vysloboden\u00edm a\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasne pr\u00eds\u013eubom nov\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed bol toti\u017e vyn\u00e1lez \u017eiarovky v\u00a0roku 1879. Takmer okam\u017eite sa objavili na strom\u010dekoch (na po\u010dudovanie), najprv v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe a\u00a0vz\u00e1p\u00e4t\u00ed v\u00a0Severnej Amerike. Snahou bolo klasick\u00e9 \u017eiarovky zmen\u0161i\u0165 a\u00a022. decembra 1882 sa na strom\u010deku v\u00a0dom\u00e1cnosti Edisonovho spolupracovn\u00edka Edwarda H. Johnsona na Piatej Avenue v\u00a0New Yorku roz\u017eiarila re\u0165az osemdesiatich mal\u00fdch \u017eiaroviek v\u00a0americk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch farb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

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Na po\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia u\u017e boli elektrick\u00e9 svie\u010dky v\u00a0be\u017enej ponuke obchodov, no pre ich vysok\u00fa cenu boli e\u0161te nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 len vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm triedam, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v\u00a0mest\u00e1ch. S\u00a0postupuj\u00facou elektrifik\u00e1ciou obsadzovalo viano\u010dn\u00e9 osvetlenie svoje miesta po celom svete. Na viano\u010dn\u00fdch strom\u010dekoch v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti preber\u00e1 osvetlenie hlavn\u00fa \u00falohu. Trh zaplavila ponuka \u0161n\u00far so 100 a\u017e 200 LED \u017eiarovkami s\u00a0neuverite\u013en\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami. Blikaj\u00face a\u00a0hraj\u00face svetielka navy\u0161e opustili strom\u010deky a\u00a0lemuj\u00fa okn\u00e1, domy, stromy pred domami a\u00a0na nich lietaj\u00face sane so sobmi.<\/p>\n

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MODLA PE\u0147AZ\u00cd<\/h4>\n

\u017diariacimi ozdobami sa v\u0161ak st\u00e1vaj\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitostn\u00e9 i\u00a0klenotn\u00edcke diela a\u00a0tak tabu\u013eky rekordov obsahuj\u00fa nielen rozmery, ale i\u00a0\u00fadaje o\u00a0najdrah\u0161\u00edch ozdob\u00e1ch. V\u00a0roku 2012 predstavilo tokijsk\u00e9 klenotn\u00edctvo Tanaka Kikinzoku Jewelry \u0161tyridsa\u0165 kilogramov\u00fd strom\u010dek z\u00a0\u010dist\u00e9ho zlata v\u00a0hodnote viac ako 3 mili\u00f3ny eur, v\u00a0roku 2014 ho samo prekonalo 31 kilogramov\u00fdm strom\u010dekom z\u00a0grav\u00edrovan\u00fdch platinov\u00fdch do\u0161ti\u010diek s\u00a0mot\u00edvom Disneyho rozpr\u00e1vky \u013dadov\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo. Ani z\u010faleka sa v\u0161ak obe rarity nepribl\u00ed\u017eili strom\u010deku v\u00a0hale hotela Emirates Palace v\u00a0Abu Zabi, ktor\u00fd v\u00a0roku 2010 zdobili gule zo zlata, pos\u00e1dzan\u00e9 diamantmi a\u00a0zaf\u00edrmi v\u00a0hodnote viac ako 11 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n

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Foto: obecnenoviny.sk
Bruselsk\u00e9 n\u00e1mestie Grand Place je pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za najkraj\u0161ie na svete a\u00a0s\u00a0rovnakou p\u00fdchou si mesto vyber\u00e1 viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek. V\u00a0roku 2016 sa na \u0148om t\u00fd\u010dila 22 metrov vysok\u00e1 slovensk\u00e1 jed\u013ea, ktor\u00e1 vyr\u00e1stla na \u00fabo\u010d\u00ed Mal\u00fdch Karp\u00e1t nad Horn\u00fdmi Ore\u0161anmi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u017dIV\u00dd VERSUS UMEL\u00dd<\/h4>\n

Tak, ako mnoho vec\u00ed okolo n\u00e1s, tak aj dilema, \u010di je ekologickej\u0161ie ma\u0165 doma na Vianoce \u017eiv\u00fd \u010di umel\u00fd strom\u010dek, n\u00e1s del\u00ed na dva t\u00e1bory. Op\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie \u017eiv\u00e9ho strom\u010deka s\u00faviselo so st\u00e1le dokonalej\u0161\u00edm spracovan\u00edm plastov a\u00a0ich mas\u00edvnym n\u00e1stupom v\u00a020. storo\u010d\u00ed. U\u00a0n\u00e1s k\u00a0tomu prispel i\u00a0fakt, \u017ee po rozpade socializmu bolo st\u00e1le \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie sko\u010di\u0165 si pre strom\u010dek len tak do lesa. Zadov\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 si \u201eve\u010dn\u00fd\u201c strom\u010dek, takmer na nerozoznanie od skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho, ktor\u00fd je mo\u017en\u00e9 po sviatkoch vr\u00e1ti\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165 do obalu, kde vydr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0pohotovosti do \u010fal\u0161ej sez\u00f3ny, je navy\u0161e iste siln\u00fd praktick\u00fd argument. S\u00a0ekol\u00f3giou v\u0161ak nes\u00favis\u00ed, rovnako ako jej neprospieva samotn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba plastov\u00e9ho symbolu.<\/p>\n

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Foto: profimedia
Jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0ekologick\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed je kupovanie viano\u010dn\u00fdch strom\u010dekov v\u00a0kvetin\u00e1\u010doch a\u00a0po sviatkoch ich vysadenie v\u00a0exter\u00e9ri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ak opomenieme vysok\u00fa energetick\u00fa n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 v\u00fdroby, potom v\u00a0tejto s\u00favislosti je zar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00faci fakt, \u017ee na vyprodukovanie jedn\u00e9ho umel\u00e9ho strom\u010deka sa spotrebuje to\u013eko kysl\u00edka, ko\u013eko ho vyprodukuje nieko\u013eko stoviek \u017eiv\u00fdch strom\u010dekov po cel\u00fa dobu svojho rastu. A\u00a0tak\u00fd viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek rastie aj desa\u0165 rokov. V\u00a0prospech plant\u00e1\u017eov\u00e9ho pestovania viano\u010dn\u00fdch strom\u010dekov hovoria i\u00a0sprievodn\u00e9 efekty, ako produkcia biomasy, \u010distenie biosf\u00e9ry od sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov, zadr\u017eiavanie zr\u00e1\u017ekovej vody, poskytovanie \u00fakrytov pre hmyz, vt\u00e1ctvo a\u00a0in\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy, \u010di vyu\u017e\u00edvanie inak pl\u00f4ch nevhodn\u00fdch na les. N\u00e1vrat k\u00a0\u017eiv\u00fdm strom\u010dekom je v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe na\u0161\u0165astie aktu\u00e1lnym trendom. Symboly s\u00fa pre n\u00e1s st\u00e1le d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie a\u00a0spolo\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdber strom\u010deka v\u00a0predviano\u010dnej atmosf\u00e9re i\u00a0v\u00f4\u0148a \u017eivice nad dar\u010dekmi sa st\u00e1le sp\u00e1ja v\u00a0podvedom\u00ed s\u00a0najkraj\u0161\u00edmi sviatkami v\u00a0\u010dase n\u00e1\u0161ho detstva.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vianoce s\u00fa nesporne najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm sviatkom, ak\u00fd po\u010das roka v\u00a0na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch sveta sl\u00e1vi takmer cel\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165. Pripom\u00ednanie si narodenia Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista prer\u00e1stlo svojim obsahom do ove\u013ea \u0161ir\u0161ieho pon\u00edmania sviatkov pokoja a\u00a0mieru. Vyvrcholenie roka v\u00a0zmieren\u00ed, euf\u00f3rii, stret\u00e1van\u00ed […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":17,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1725","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-hlavna-tema"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1725"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1725\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5728,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1725\/revisions\/5728"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}