{"id":2863,"date":"2019-12-07T11:03:16","date_gmt":"2019-12-07T10:03:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/?p=2863"},"modified":"2019-12-07T11:54:45","modified_gmt":"2019-12-07T10:54:45","slug":"betlehem-vo-frantiskanskom-kostole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/betlehem-vo-frantiskanskom-kostole\/","title":{"rendered":"Betlehem vo franti\u0161k\u00e1nskom kostole"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0spomienkach na detstvo sa te\u0161\u00edme obrazom roz\u017eiaren\u00e9ho viano\u010dn\u00e9ho strom\u010deka, pod ktor\u00fdm boli ukryt\u00e9 vyt\u00fa\u017een\u00e9 dar\u010deky. Ako \u010darom obostret\u00e9, zostali Vianoce z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fdm ostrovom k\u013eudu, pohody a\u00a0\u0161\u0165astia. Jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0hlavn\u00fdch symbolov Vianoc je u\u00a0n\u00e1s viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek a\u00a0neodmyslite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou tejto dlho o\u010dak\u00e1vanej \u010dasti roka je aj viano\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edbeh a\u00a0s\u00a0n\u00edm spojen\u00fd betlehem. <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Biblick\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o Kristovom naroden\u00ed, ktor\u00fd sa mnoh\u00ed umelci, aj \u013eudov\u00ed majstri, sna\u017eili osl\u00e1vi\u0165 a pribl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 v r\u00f4znych podob\u00e1ch v\u0161etk\u00fdm veriacim i neveriacim, je zobrazovan\u00fd tromi hlavn\u00fdmi obrazmi post\u00e1v. V centre je die\u0165a, le\u017eiace v jasliach medzi dvomi zvieratkami alebo die\u0165a v matkinom lone, druhou skupinou s\u00fa pastieri a tretiu tvoria traja mudrci z v\u00fdchodu, kla\u0148aj\u00faci sa die\u0165a\u0165u a prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00faci dary. Na po\u010diatku trad\u00edcie betlehemov stoj\u00ed sv. Franti\u0161ek z Assisi, ktor\u00fd ho prv\u00fd raz vytvoril v roku 1223 v talianskom meste Greccio.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Za predchodcov viano\u010dn\u00fdch jasli\u010diek, ako ich pozn\u00e1me, m\u00f4\u017eeme pova\u017eova\u0165 v\u00a0kostoloch sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00face skrinky a\u00a0olt\u00e1re, zobrazuj\u00face v\u00fdjavy Kristovho narodenia. Z\u00a0nich sa v\u00a0rannom baroku vyvinuli fig\u00fary post\u00e1v v\u00a0\u017eivotnej ve\u013ekosti a\u00a0tie nesk\u00f4r pre\u0161li do kostoln\u00fdch jasli\u010diek. Prv\u00e1 spr\u00e1va o\u00a0ich budovan\u00ed v\u00a0krajin\u00e1ch na sever od Dunaja poch\u00e1dza z\u00a0\u010ciech, a\u00a0to z\u00a0Prahy z\u00a0roku 1562. Odtia\u013e sa dostali do hradn\u00fdch a\u00a0z\u00e1mock\u00fdch kaplniek.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nUr\u010dit\u00fa stagn\u00e1ciu vo v\u00fdvoji jasli\u010diek sp\u00f4sobila 30-ro\u010dn\u00e1 vojna. Od za\u010diatku 18. storo\u010dia sledujeme ich roz\u0161\u00edrenie do s\u00eddiel ni\u017e\u0161ej \u0161\u013eachty. U\u00a0prost\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed roz\u0161\u00edrenie sp\u00f4sobili Jozef\u00ednske reformy z\u00a0roku 1780. Tvorba betlehemov sa pre mnoh\u00fdch stala celo\u017eivotnou z\u00e1\u013eubou, av\u0161ak naplno sa rozvinula a\u017e na prelome 19. a\u00a020. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nSkalica m\u00e1 nieko\u013eko starobyl\u00fdch betlehemov, a dva z nich s\u00fa skuto\u010dn\u00fdm umeleck\u00fdm dielom s ve\u013ekou historickou hodnotou. Betlehem vo farskom kostole sme predstavili vo viano\u010dnom vydan\u00ed Obzoru pred rokom. Teraz chceme pozornos\u0165 \u010ditate\u013eov upriami\u0165 na \u010fal\u0161\u00ed historick\u00fd skvost v na\u0161om meste, a to betlehem vo franti\u0161k\u00e1nskom kostole. Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee sa odli\u0161uje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtom postavi\u010diek. V pozad\u00ed za nimi sa rozprestiera tich\u00e9 no\u010dn\u00e9 mesto s roz\u017eiaren\u00fdmi oknami. V\u00a0centr\u00e1lnej \u010dasti je die\u0165atko, v\u00a0jasli\u010dk\u00e1ch le\u017eiace na sene a\u00a0vystieraj\u00face ruky, v\u00a0pozad\u00ed s\u00fa zvierat\u00e1. K\u013ea\u010diaca Panna M\u00e1ria je situovan\u00e1 na\u013eavo od Jezuliatka.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Stojaca postava Sv. Jozefa zobrazuje bdej\u00faceho otca. Zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou je, \u017ee i napriek tomu, \u017ee nepozn\u00e1me rok vzniku a tvorcov betlehemov vo franti\u0161k\u00e1nskom a farskom kostole, Sv\u00e4t\u00e1 rodina je v oboch pr\u00edpadoch podobn\u00e1 rozostaven\u00edm post\u00e1v i farebnos\u0165ou odevov. Odli\u0161n\u00e9 s\u00fa postavy pastierov a troch kr\u00e1\u013eov. Postavy pastierov nesm\u00fa ch\u00fdba\u0165 v\u00a0\u017eiadnom betleheme a\u00a0patria k\u00a0najstar\u0161\u00edm betlehemsk\u00fdm fig\u00farkam v\u00f4bec. Sc\u00e9nograficky tvoria ak\u00fdsi protip\u00f3l k\u00a0postav\u00e1m troch kr\u00e1\u013eov. V\u00a0tomto betleheme vid\u00edme zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 vyobrazenie najstar\u0161ieho pastiera, prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00faceho bar\u00e1nka v\u00a0n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed, a\u00a0\u010fal\u0161ieho pastiera pozeraj\u00faceho do dia\u013eky, ktor\u00fd je o\u017eiaren\u00fd jasom kom\u00e9ty. Betlehem vo franti\u0161k\u00e1nskom kostole zobrazuje takmer v\u0161etky postavy v\u00a0pohybe, je, teda, ove\u013ea dynamickej\u0161\u00ed. V\u00a0hornej \u010dasti nech\u00fdba ani v\u0161etk\u00fdm zn\u00e1my anjel hl\u00e1saj\u00faci \u201eGloria in excelsis deo\u201c.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nUmelci, podie\u013eaj\u00faci sa na tvorbe skalick\u00fdch betlehemov presne vystihli atmosf\u00e9ru Tichej noci. Vypracovanie jednotliv\u00fdch postavi\u010diek je ve\u013emi detailn\u00e9 a sved\u010d\u00ed o ich umeleckom majstrovstve. Po\u010das Vianoc nezab\u00fadajme na t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed n\u00e1s k\u00a0na\u0161im skalick\u00fdm betlehemom priviedli, nasleduj\u00facim gener\u00e1ci\u00e1m uk\u00e1\u017eme kr\u00e1su jedn\u00e9ho z\u00a0najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edbehov v\u00a0dejin\u00e1ch \u013eudstva, viano\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u00edbehu, pr\u00edbehu Sv\u00e4tej rodiny.<\/p>\n

Ren\u00e1ta Ko\u017e\u00ed\u0161kov\u00e1<\/em>
\nFoto: Eduard Timko <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0spomienkach na detstvo sa te\u0161\u00edme obrazom roz\u017eiaren\u00e9ho viano\u010dn\u00e9ho strom\u010deka, pod ktor\u00fdm boli ukryt\u00e9 vyt\u00fa\u017een\u00e9 dar\u010deky. Ako \u010darom obostret\u00e9, zostali Vianoce z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fdm ostrovom k\u013eudu, pohody a\u00a0\u0161\u0165astia. Jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0hlavn\u00fdch symbolov Vianoc je u\u00a0n\u00e1s viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek a\u00a0neodmyslite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":2864,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2863","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zaujalo-nas"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2863"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2870,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2863\/revisions\/2870"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}