{"id":3293,"date":"2020-05-05T21:04:27","date_gmt":"2020-05-05T19:04:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/?p=3293"},"modified":"2020-05-05T21:03:12","modified_gmt":"2020-05-05T19:03:12","slug":"budeme-mudrejsi-skusenejsi-a-lepsi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/budeme-mudrejsi-skusenejsi-a-lepsi\/","title":{"rendered":"Budeme m\u00fadrej\u0161\u00ed, sk\u00fasenej\u0161\u00ed a lep\u0161\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>V prv\u00fdch d\u0148och celo\u0161t\u00e1tnych opatren\u00ed proti koronov\u00edrusu, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1s chr\u00e1nili navz\u00e1jom, sa na facebooku objavil kr\u00e1sny odkaz: \u201ePo prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t m\u00e1\u0161 mo\u017enos\u0165 pom\u00f4c\u0165 zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 svet len t\u00fdm, \u017ee bude\u0161 le\u017ea\u0165 doma pred telkou, tak to nezbabri!\u201c Nadnesene, no lep\u0161ie sa to azda <\/strong><\/em><em><strong>vystihn\u00fa\u0165 nedalo. R\u00fa\u0161ko a\u00a0izol\u00e1cia nie je tak ve\u013ea, \u010do m\u00f4\u017eeme urobi\u0165. Nie pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch epid\u00e9mi\u00e1ch v\u00a0hist\u00f3rii to bolo tak jednoduch\u00e9. A\u00a0boli to, teda, in\u00e9 katastrofy ako teraz.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h3>NAPRIEK V\u0160ETK\u00c9MU NAPREDUJEME<\/h3>\n<p>Dnes v\u0161ak m\u00e1me k dispoz\u00edcii st\u00e1le lep\u0161iu vedu \u2013 pozn\u00e1me p\u00f4vodcu, biochemici h\u013eadaj\u00fa protil\u00e1tky, matematici vypo\u010d\u00edtavaj\u00fa a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa modely pravdepodobn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvinu, technici vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa jednoduch\u00e9 a r\u00fdchlo realizovate\u013en\u00e9 pr\u00edstroje, ktor\u00e9 potrebujeme, politick\u00e1 reprezent\u00e1cia na z\u00e1klade v\u0161etk\u00e9ho zav\u00e1dza opatrenia v z\u00e1ujme ochrany obyvate\u013eov. Nie je to, dokonca, ani jedin\u00e1 pand\u00e9mia, ktor\u00fa sme po\u010das na\u0161ich \u017eivotov za\u017eili, no azda nikdy sa n\u00e1s tak priamo nedot\u00fdkala. Chorobu \u0161ialen\u00fdch kr\u00e1v odniesli obrovsk\u00e9 st\u00e1da, podobne ako pri prasacej chr\u00edpke, pri vt\u00e1\u010dej chr\u00edpke boli pre na\u0161u ochranu vyhladen\u00e9 stovky a stovky ve\u013ekochovov, ebola je \u010faleko, AIDS v t\u00fdchto kon\u010din\u00e1ch ve\u013emi na riedko &#8230; Okrem toho je o\u010dkovanie prirodzenou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou na\u0161ej osobnej zdravotnej hist\u00f3rie, antibiotik\u00e1 a antivirotik\u00e1 s\u00fa samozrejmos\u0165ou, chr\u00edpkov\u00e9 epid\u00e9mie tu m\u00e1me ka\u017ed\u00fd rok a tak n\u00e1s len tak nie\u010do nezasko\u010d\u00ed. Napriek tomu po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 argumenty, \u017ee spom\u00ednan\u00e1 oby\u010dajn\u00e1 chr\u00edpka si vy\u017eiada ka\u017edoro\u010dne ove\u013ea viac obet\u00ed, zbystr\u00edme pozornos\u0165 pri \u010d\u00edslach, ktor\u00e9 prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa zo sveta a ani nie \u010falek\u00e9ho. Odrazu nefunguje prirovnanie k chr\u00edpke, ke\u010f sa plnia nemocnice a niektor\u00e9 mest\u00e1 nest\u00edhaj\u00fa pochov\u00e1va\u0165 obete. Je v\u0161ak rok 2020, niektor\u00e9 krajiny sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa spr\u00e1va\u0165 ako dobr\u00ed a ch\u00e1pav\u00ed susedia, \u013eudia dok\u00e1\u017eu pochopi\u0165, \u017ee opatrenia nevznikaj\u00fa, aby ich obmedzovali, ale pre ochranu v\u0161etk\u00fdch v\u00f4kol. Aspo\u0148 n\u00e1m ost\u00e1va veri\u0165, \u017ee to ch\u00e1pe v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina. Tak, a\u00a0teraz s\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria toho, \u010do sme u\u017e \u00faspe\u0161ne presk\u00e1kali. Napriek v\u00e1\u017enosti dne\u0161nej situ\u00e1cie uvid\u00edme ur\u010dite s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165 v\u00a0ove\u013ea lep\u0161om svetle.<\/p>\n<h3>JUSTINI\u00c1NSK\u00dd MOR<br \/>\n(541\u2013542)<\/h3>\n<p>V roku 476 sa rozpadla \u201eve\u010dn\u00e1\u201c R\u00edmska r\u00ed\u0161a. Bol to s\u00fa\u010dasne koniec antiky aj koniec staroveku. Stratila sa centr\u00e1lna moc, panovalo n\u00e1silie, chaos, neistota, spolo\u010dnos\u0165 bola vy\u010derpan\u00e1, ka\u017ed\u00fd sa staral len o seba. S istotou to prispelo k vzniku \u0161\u00edrenia prav\u00e9ho moru, ktor\u00fd pravdepodobne z Eti\u00f3pie pre\u0161iel cez Egypt do \u00c1zie a cez Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopol do Eur\u00f3py. \u010cierna smr\u0165 zahubila tretinu mesta, pod\u013ea kron\u00edk 5 a\u017e 10 tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed denne, a \u0161\u00edrila sa \u010falej. Nakazil sa dokonca i samotn\u00fd cis\u00e1r Justini\u00e1n, ten v\u0161ak pre\u017eil. I\u00a0ke\u010f je to prv\u00e1 zdokumentovan\u00e1 epid\u00e9mia, po\u010det obet\u00ed je v\u010faka mal\u00e9mu mno\u017estvu zachovan\u00fdch \u00fadajov odhadovan\u00fd na 5 a\u017e 50 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed. V\u0161eobecne sa ud\u00e1va 25 mili\u00f3nov, \u010do je v\u0161ak 13 percent vtedaj\u0161ej popul\u00e1cie zasiahnut\u00e9ho \u00fazemia. Aj na\u010falej sa svetom takmer pravidelne preh\u00e1\u0148ali ve\u013ek\u00e9 epid\u00e9mie r\u00f4znych in\u00fdch infek\u010dn\u00fdch chor\u00f4b, no prav\u00fd mor sa do Eur\u00f3py vr\u00e1til a\u017e v\u00a014. storo\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>\u010cIERNY MOR<br \/>\n(1346 \u2013 1353, 1665, 1711)<\/h3>\n<p>Men\u0161ie epid\u00e9mie prav\u00e9ho moru sa takmer periodicky objavovali od Justini\u00e1nskeho moru po cel\u00e9 tis\u00edcro\u010die. Volali ho \u201e\u010dierna smr\u0165\u201c (mors nigra) pod\u013ea \u010diernych kon\u010dekov prstov, u\u0161n\u00fdch lal\u00f4\u010dikov a f\u013eakov na tel\u00e1ch, postihnut\u00fdch nekr\u00f3zou. Prv\u00fd podrobnej\u0161\u00ed popis stredovekej morovej epid\u00e9mie n\u00e1m zanechal Giovanni Bocaccio v \u00favode Dekameronu. V tomto obdob\u00ed vyna\u0161li Taliani karant\u00e9nu. N\u00e1zov je odvoden\u00fd od v\u00fdrazu \u201equaranta giorni\u201c, teda, \u0161tyridsa\u0165 dn\u00ed, lebo pr\u00e1ve to\u013eko museli v talianskych pr\u00edstavoch ne\u010dinne kotvi\u0165 lode, ne\u017e im dovolili vylo\u017ei\u0165 tovar a n\u00e1morn\u00edkom vst\u00fapi\u0165 na breh. Vlna moru, ktor\u00e1 vrazila z \u00c1zie do Eur\u00f3py a severnej Afriky, vymazala 50 a\u017e 200 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed, zmenila spolo\u010densk\u00fa tv\u00e1r kontinentu a ukon\u010dila stredovek. Jej import\u00e9rmi boli pravdepodobne obchodn\u00edci, putuj\u00faci po Hodv\u00e1bnej ceste.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3296\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3296\" style=\"width: 524px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3296\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/httpswww.jet_.sk-Lek\u00e1r-v-\u0192ase-\u0192ieneho-moru_CB.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"524\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/httpswww.jet_.sk-Lek\u00e1r-v-\u0192ase-\u0192ieneho-moru_CB.jpg 524w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/httpswww.jet_.sk-Lek\u00e1r-v-\u0192ase-\u0192ieneho-moru_CB-219x300.jpg 219w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3296\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zdroj: jet.sk<br \/>Lek\u00e1r v\u00a0\u010dase \u010dierneho moru<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Vysok\u00fa \u00famrtnos\u0165 mo\u017eno prip\u00edsa\u0165 slabej \u00farovni poznania, mizernej zdravotnej starostlivosti a takmer nulovej hygiene. Choroba zab\u00edjala r\u00fdchlo, nebola v\u0161ak jedin\u00e1. Panick\u00fd strach dosiahol obrovsk\u00e9 rozmery a ke\u010f\u017ee spolo\u010dnos\u0165 nedok\u00e1zala odhali\u0165 p\u00f4vodcu epid\u00e9mie, z\u00fafalstvo vypuklo do genoc\u00eddy \u017didov, R\u00f3mov a malomocn\u00fdch, ktor\u00fdch obvinili z jej \u0161\u00edrenia. Mor zahubil tretinu popul\u00e1cie Eur\u00f3py a severnej Afriky a zasiahnut\u00e9 krajiny sa z neho spam\u00e4t\u00e1vali viac ako storo\u010die. Spolo\u010densk\u00e9 zmeny, sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 morom, vlastne za\u017e\u00edvame a\u017e dnes. Uvo\u013enen\u00e1 p\u00f4da umo\u017enila v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed chov zvierat, vzr\u00e1stla spotreba m\u00e4sa, zvy\u0161ovali sa mzdy a r\u00e1stol vplyv me\u0161tianstva. Priniesla v\u0161ak i siln\u00fd pesimizmus, v\u0161eobecn\u00fd nepokoj, uvo\u013enenie mravov a rast n\u00e1silia. K tomu st\u00e1le trvalo nebezpe\u010denstvo recid\u00edvy. Napr\u00edklad v rokoch 1665 \u2013 1666 zasiahol mor Lond\u00fdn a pod\u013eahla mu a\u017e \u0161tvrtina obyvate\u013estva mesta. Paradoxne \u010fal\u0161iemu rastu zabr\u00e1nil a\u017e katastrof\u00e1lny po\u017eiar mesta. Pri \u0148om toti\u017e zahynuli potkany a hmyz, ktor\u00e9 napom\u00e1hali \u0161\u00edreniu choroby. V 19. storo\u010d\u00ed sa kone\u010dne podarilo franc\u00fazskemu bakteriol\u00f3govi Alexandrovi Yersinovi odhali\u0165 bacil, ktor\u00fd mal v\u0161etko na svedom\u00ed, aj tox\u00edn, ktor\u00fd chorobu sp\u00f4sobuje.<\/p>\n<h3>NA NA\u0160OM \u00daZEM\u00cd<\/h3>\n<p>Posledn\u00e1 morov\u00e1 epid\u00e9mia v Hornom Uhorsku prepukla v roku 1711. Na z\u00e1klade vlastn\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed vydali mest\u00e1 nariadenia, ktor\u00e9 mali nebezpe\u010denstvo zmierni\u0165. V podstate boli ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 dne\u0161n\u00fdm \u2013 zlep\u0161enie hygienick\u00fdch podmienok, morov\u00fd kord\u00f3n na hraniciach, kde sie\u0165 karant\u00e9nnych stan\u00edc zadr\u017eiavala osoby a tovar a\u017e na 40 dn\u00ed, vojensk\u00e9 a civiln\u00e9 str\u00e1\u017ee. V\u00e1\u017enos\u0165 opatren\u00ed zd\u00f4raznili t\u00fdm, \u017ee kde tu obesili pa\u0161er\u00e1kov rovno pri ceste. Napriek tomu sa v roku 1712 dostal mor do Bratislavy. N\u00e1sledne mesto obkolesilo vojsko, radn\u00ed dali zatvori\u0165 br\u00e1ny a boli zru\u0161en\u00e9 v\u0161etky verejn\u00e9 akcie a zhroma\u017edenia, vr\u00e1tane bohoslu\u017eieb. Mesto bolo rozdelen\u00e9 na zdravotn\u00e9 okrsky a hliadky denne kontrolovalo zdravotn\u00fd stav ka\u017ed\u00e9ho obyvate\u013ea. Bratislava bola vtedy uhorsk\u00fdm korunova\u010dn\u00fdm mestom a tak bol v okt\u00f3bri 1712 pred\u010dasne rozpusten\u00fd korunova\u010dn\u00fd snem, ktor\u00fd pripravoval n\u00e1stup Karola VI. na tr\u00f3n. Napriek v\u0161etk\u00e9mu pod\u013eahlo moru 3860 Bratislav\u010danov. Mo\u017eno sa to nezd\u00e1 ve\u013ea, no vtedy to bola takmer tretina obyvate\u013eov mesta.<\/p>\n<h3>COCOLITZLI<br \/>\n(1545 \u2013 1548 a\u00a01576)<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00a0roku 1492 dorazil do Ameriky Kolumbus a\u00a0o\u00a0nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed nesk\u00f4r \u0161panielski konkvist\u00e1dori. Pravdepodobne nie je n\u00e1hoda, \u017ee v\u00a0roku 1545 vypukla v\u00a0Mexiku epid\u00e9mia Cocolitzli, \u010do v\u00a0jazyku nahuatl znamen\u00e1 \u0161kodca. Takmer pol tis\u00edcro\u010dia bolo z\u00e1hadou, \u010do vlastne t\u00fato epid\u00e9miu sp\u00f4sobilo. Zhoda bola v\u00a0tom, \u017ee i\u0161lo o\u00a0chorobu, dovle\u010den\u00fa pr\u00e1ve konkvist\u00e1dormi. A\u017e v\u00a0roku 2018, v\u010faka s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdm modern\u00fdm met\u00f3dam, bol identifikovan\u00fd najpravdepodobnej\u0161\u00ed p\u00f4vodca, a\u00a0to infekcia sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 bakt\u00e9riou Salmonella enterica enterica. V\u00a0tom najhor\u0161om v\u0161ak bolo d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie, \u017ee po asi trojd\u0148ovom zvracan\u00ed, hor\u00fa\u010dkach, z\u00e1vratoch, hna\u010dk\u00e1ch, krv\u00e1can\u00ed z\u00a0o\u010d\u00ed, nosa i\u00a0vn\u00fatornost\u00ed pri\u0161la smr\u0165. T\u00e1 postihla 5 a\u017e 15 mili\u00f3nov Indi\u00e1nov, \u010do v\u0161ak predstavovalo a\u017e 80 percent popul\u00e1cie a\u00a0sp\u00f4sobila kolaps p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch r\u00ed\u0161. Navy\u0161e v\u00a0roku 1576 sa cocolitztli vr\u00e1til a\u00a0zahubil polovicu t\u00fdch, \u010do ostali &#8230;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0160PANIELSKA CHR\u00cdPKA<br \/>\n(1918 \u2013 1920)<\/h3>\n<p>V roku 1918 sa vojensk\u00fd kuch\u00e1r Albert Gitchell z Kansasu s\u0165a\u017eoval lek\u00e1rom na boles\u0165 krku, hlavy a na teploty. Onedlho sa stal prvou zn\u00e1mou obe\u0165ou pand\u00e9mie. V ten de\u0148 bolo v\u0161ak v rovnakej jednotke zaznamenan\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch sto pr\u00edpadov. \u0160\u00edreniu ochorenia pom\u00e1hal predov\u0161etk\u00fdm vojnov\u00fd konflikt \u2013 1. svetov\u00e1 vojna. Epid\u00e9mia sa nespravodlivo presl\u00e1vila ako \u201e\u0161panielska chr\u00edpka\u201c. Aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo \u00fapadku vojenskej mor\u00e1lky, v Nemecku, Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nii, Franc\u00fazsku a USA zapracovala cenz\u00fara a \u00famyseln\u00e9 z\u013eah\u010dovanie situ\u00e1cie, tak\u017ee sa zdalo, \u017ee najhor\u0161ie je to v \u0160panielsku, kde na \u0148u ochorel aj kr\u00e1\u013e Alfonz XIII. a tla\u010d otvorene informovala o faktoch. Takto si epid\u00e9mia vysl\u00fa\u017eila svoj n\u00e1zov. V\u00edrus bol zvl\u00e1\u0161tny t\u00fdm, \u017ee neohrozoval slab\u0161\u00edch jedincov, ale naopak, obe\u0165ami boli v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou mlad\u00ed a zdrav\u00ed \u013eudia. V\u00edrus toti\u017e p\u00f4sobil na siln\u00fd imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m a prirodzen\u00fa obranu tela obr\u00e1til proti jeho majite\u013eovi. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom pri\u0161lo, pod\u013ea niektor\u00fdch zdrojov, o \u017eivot za prv\u00fd polrok 25 mili\u00f3nov a konca pand\u00e9mie a\u017e 75 mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed, teda, ka\u017ed\u00fd de siaty infikovan\u00fd jedinec. Celkom zomrelo na celej plan\u00e9te asi 2,5 percenta \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3297\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3297\" style=\"width: 796px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3297\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/httpsbreak.cas_.sk-\u03c4panielska-chr\u00edpka.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"796\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/httpsbreak.cas_.sk-\u03c4panielska-chr\u00edpka.jpg 796w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/httpsbreak.cas_.sk-\u03c4panielska-chr\u00edpka-300x241.jpg 300w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/httpsbreak.cas_.sk-\u03c4panielska-chr\u00edpka-768x617.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3297\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0160panielska chr\u00edpka<br \/>Zdroj: break.cas.sk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>HIV\/AIDS<br \/>\n(60. ROKY 20. STOR. \u2013 DNES)<\/h3>\n<p>Ve\u013ek\u00fd krik okolo AIDS akoby ut\u00edchol, no v skuto\u010dnosti e\u0161te st\u00e1le prebieha. Pred viac ako p\u00e4\u0165desiatimi rokmi sa v\u00edrus HIV po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t preniesol na \u010dloveka z prim\u00e1tov, pravdepodobne v z\u00e1padnej alebo strednej Amerike. Medzi \u013eu\u010fmi sa \u0161\u00edri nechr\u00e1nen\u00fdm pohlavn\u00fdm stykom a krvou a doba od infikovania po skon je pribli\u017ene 8 a\u017e 10 rokov. V\u00edrus nap\u00e1da imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m a vo v\u0161eobecnosti je nevylie\u010dite\u013en\u00fd, i ke\u010f boli u\u017e ozn\u00e1men\u00e9 pr\u00edpady vylie\u010den\u00fdch pacientov. Pri v\u010dasnej diagnostike a celo\u017eivotnej lie\u010dbe je mo\u017en\u00e9 potla\u010di\u0165 d\u00f4sledky a pred\u013a\u017ei\u0165 \u017eivot a\u017e k jeho prirodzenej priemernej hranici. V zozname nakazen\u00fdch i m\u0155tvych je rad sl\u00e1vnych mien. S\u00fa medzi nimi napr\u00edklad i slovensk\u00fd krasokor\u010duliar Ondrej Nepela, po ktorom je v Bratislave pomenovan\u00fd zimn\u00fd \u0161tadi\u00f3n, \u010di Freddie Mercury, jeden z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch rockov\u00fdch hudobn\u00edkov hist\u00f3rie. Boli v\u0161ak len jedincami z\u00a0vy\u0161e 40\u00a0mili\u00f3nov \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed doteraz n\u00e1kaze v\u00edrom HIV pod\u013eahli. V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00a0subsaharskej Afrike n\u00e1kaza zasiahla u\u017e dve tretiny obyvate\u013estva. Napriek tomu, \u017ee hovor\u00edme o\u00a0mili\u00f3noch obet\u00ed, treba pripomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee ide o\u00a0dlh\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 obdobie s\u00a0celosvetov\u00fdm zasiahnut\u00edm, tak\u017ee percentu\u00e1lne nedosahuje z\u010faleka epid\u00e9mie starej doby, i\u00a0ke\u010f v\u00a0tej na\u0161ej modernej ide o\u00a0jednu z\u00a0najhor\u0161\u00edch pand\u00e9mii. Na rozdiel od klasick\u00fdch infek\u010dn\u00fdch pand\u00e9mi\u00ed je \u00fa\u010dinnou obranou chr\u00e1nen\u00fd sex, obmedzenie promiskuity a\u00a0partnersk\u00e1 vernos\u0165.<\/p>\n<h3>CHR\u00cdPKOV\u00c9 PAND\u00c9MIE Z\u00a0\u00c1ZIE<\/h3>\n<p>Chr\u00edpkov\u00fdch epid\u00e9mi\u00ed, roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdch do sveta z \u00e1zijsk\u00e9ho kontinentu, bolo v ned\u00e1vnej pam\u00e4ti hne\u010f nieko\u013eko. V roku 1957 vypukla \u00c1zijsk\u00e1 chr\u00edpka, zn\u00e1ma ako H2N2 a roz\u0161\u00edrila sa z \u010c\u00edny po severnej pologuli. Po\u010det obet\u00ed sa odhaduje na 1,1 mili\u00f3na. U\u017e v roku 1968 vypukla tzv. Hongkonsk\u00e1 chr\u00edpka a zobrala so sebou hlavne v Eur\u00f3pe a Amerike \u010fal\u0161\u00ed mili\u00f3n m\u0155tvych. Dobre si pam\u00e4t\u00e1me chr\u00edpky, prenosn\u00e9 na \u010dloveka zo zvierat \u2013 vt\u00e1\u010diu a prasaciu. V\u00edrus H5N1, prenosn\u00fd na \u013eud\u00ed z vt\u00e1kov si vy\u017eiadal \u201elen\u201c dvesto obet\u00ed, no prasacia chr\u00edpka, ktor\u00e1 sa objavila v\u00a0roku 2009 v\u00a0USA, pochovala viac ako pol mili\u00f3na. Hrozilo v\u0161ak, \u017ee epid\u00e9mia naberie hrozivej\u0161ie rozmery a\u00a0ke\u010f sa v\u00a0roku 2005 uva\u017eovalo nad protiopatreniami v\u00a0pr\u00edpade, \u017ee by v\u00edrus zmutoval, navrhovali odborn\u00edci do\u010dasn\u00e9 uzavretie verejn\u00fdch priestorov a\u00a0zak\u00e1zanie \u0161portov\u00fdch a\u00a0kult\u00farnych podujat\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Vtedy k tomu nedo\u0161lo, no tieto kroky sa objavili medzi prv\u00fdmi pri s\u00fa\u010dasnej pand\u00e9mii v\u00edrusu COVID-19. Koronav\u00edrusy v\u0161eobecne nie s\u00fa ni\u010d\u00edm nov\u00fdm. Patr\u00ed k nim viacero v\u00edrusov, nap\u00e1daj\u00facich zvierat\u00e1. Svoj n\u00e1zov dostali pod\u013ea vzh\u013eadu v tvare koruny. \u013dudsk\u00e9 koronav\u00edrusy predstavovali do roku 2002 len nev\u00fdznamn\u00e9 hna\u010dkov\u00e9 ochorenia alebo be\u017en\u00e9 postihnutie horn\u00fdch d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest. Pr\u00e1ve v roku 2002 sa v\u0161ak predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v \u010c\u00edne, Hongkongu a na Taiwane objavilo z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 a smrte\u013en\u00e9 ochorenie SARS, sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 koronav\u00edrusom. Pre jeho odli\u0161nos\u0165 od \u013eudsk\u00fdch koronav\u00edrusov sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee sa na \u010dloveka dostal zo zvieracieho hostite\u013ea. V\u00edrus sa \u013eahko pren\u00e1\u0161al a \u010doskoro sa dostal a\u017e za oce\u00e1n. V roku 2019 bolo v \u010d\u00ednskom meste Wu-chan u pacientov so z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm respira\u010dn\u00fdm ochoren\u00edm identifikovan\u00e9 ochorenie COVID-19, sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 koronav\u00edrusom SARS-CoV-2. A to sme u\u017e v najs\u00fa\u010dasnej\u0161ej s\u00fa\u010dasnosti uprostred udalost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa odohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa okolo n\u00e1s a ktor\u00fdch sme dnes s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3298\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3298\" style=\"width: 678px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3298\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/glob.zoznam.sk_.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"678\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/glob.zoznam.sk_.jpg 678w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/glob.zoznam.sk_-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3298\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zdroj: glob.zoznam.sk<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>KE\u010e TO V\u0160ETKO SKON\u010c\u00cd &#8230;<\/h3>\n<p>Do bud\u00facnosti, na ktor\u00fa sme tak zvedav\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017eeme u\u017e pokojne zahrn\u00fa\u0165 i s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165. Zaveden\u00edm opatren\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa za \u00falohu chr\u00e1ni\u0165 n\u00e1s v\u0161etk\u00fdch pred infikovan\u00edm koronav\u00edrusom a zabezpe\u010di\u0165 v spolo\u010dnosti zvl\u00e1dnute\u013en\u00fd priebeh epid\u00e9mie tak, aby sme v\u0161etci mali mo\u017enos\u0165 dostato\u010dnej lek\u00e1rskej starostlivosti, sa \u017eivot spolo\u010dnosti z\u00e1sadne zmenil. Nikdy sme neboli n\u00faten\u00ed tak v\u0161eobecne a tak mas\u00edvne sa podria\u010fova\u0165 \u0161peci\u00e1lnym pravidl\u00e1m. Spome\u0148te si v\u0161ak na opatrenia v Bratislave v roku 1712, ktor\u00e9 boli ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9, no bez v\u0161etkej tej elektroniky a m\u00e9di\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa neust\u00e1ly pr\u00edsun inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a hlavne n\u00e1m dovo\u013euj\u00fa neosta\u0165 ani doma skuto\u010dne izolovan\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n<p>Nikdy sme si priamo neuvedomovali a neodsk\u00fa\u0161ali ako sme i my a tu \u013eahko a ne\u010dakane zranite\u013en\u00ed, no dnes v\u010faka technike a vede m\u00e1me neporovnate\u013en\u00e9 mo\u017enosti na lep\u0161ie zn\u00e1\u0161anie dopadov ako v minulosti, \u010di u\u017e psychick\u00fdch alebo ekonomick\u00fdch. Svet je st\u00e1le prepojenej\u0161\u00ed a nielen obchodn\u00e9 kontakty, ale predov\u0161etk\u00fdm slobodn\u00fd pohyb \u013eud\u00ed po celej Zemi, cestovanie do exotick\u00fdch dovolenkov\u00fdch destin\u00e1ci\u00ed, \u0161t\u00fadium, \u010di pr\u00e1ca na vzdialen\u00fdch miestach plan\u00e9ty, zvy\u0161uj\u00fa s kontaktom i pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee ak\u00e1ko\u013evek choroba sa r\u00fdchlo roz\u0161\u00edri. Oproti podobn\u00fdm udalostiam v hist\u00f3rii sme na tom v\u0161eobecne ove\u013ea lep\u0161ie, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm so \u017eivotn\u00fdmi podmienkami.<\/p>\n<p>Aspo\u0148 na Slovensku je samozrejmos\u0165ou dod\u00e1vka pitnej vody a\u017e do domu, rozvody odpadovej kanaliz\u00e1cie, urobili sme ve\u013ek\u00fd pokrok v poznan\u00ed pr\u00ed\u010din ohrozenia a mo\u017enostiach ochrany zdravia a hygienick\u00fdch opatren\u00ed. Sme schopn\u00ed takmer okam\u017eite identifikova\u0165 p\u00f4vodcu choroby a jej pr\u00edznaky u\u017e v najrannej\u0161\u00edch \u0161t\u00e1di\u00e1ch. To umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u010das a \u00fa\u010dinne zasiahnu\u0165. Sme to v\u0161ak my, kto mus\u00edme chr\u00e1ni\u0165 seba a s\u00fa\u010dasne ostatn\u00fdch pred nami. V\u0161etky riaden\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy a\u00a0na\u0161e spr\u00e1vanie s\u00fa neocenite\u013en\u00fdm zdrojom sk\u00fasenost\u00ed a\u00a0\u00fadajov, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1m ove\u013ea \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie umo\u017enia odol\u00e1va\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ej mo\u017enej pand\u00e9mii, pokia\u013e by pri\u0161la.<\/p>\n<h3>\u010cAK\u00c1 N\u00c1S LEP\u0160\u00cd SVET?<\/h3>\n<p>Medic\u00ednske a\u00a0lie\u010debn\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti nie s\u00fa jedin\u00fdm, \u010do si m\u00f4\u017eeme z\u00a0tejto za\u017eitej situ\u00e1cie odnies\u0165. Ke\u010f pominie ohrozenie zdravia, \u010dak\u00e1 n\u00e1s etapa na\u0161tartovania be\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm n\u00fatene utlmen\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1rstva. Samozrejme, \u017ee na prvom mieste je ochrana \u017eivota a\u00a0zdravia, no treba pracova\u0165, obchodova\u0165 a\u00a0\u017ei\u0165. Pravdepodobne naozaj nebude ni\u010d tak\u00e9 ist\u00e9 ak\u00e9 to bolo pred karant\u00e9nou, no toto kon\u0161tatovanie v\u00a0sebe ukr\u00fdva aj mo\u017enos\u0165, \u017ee to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dokonca lep\u0161ie. Zmenili sme sa toti\u017e aj my samotn\u00ed. Minim\u00e1lne o\u00a0sk\u00fasenos\u0165, na ktor\u00fa sme nemali mo\u017enos\u0165 sa pripravi\u0165. Viera, \u017ee s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd stav a\u00a0osobn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky n\u00e1m poskytn\u00fa in\u00fd poh\u013ead, je siln\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>In\u00fd poh\u013ead na hodnoty, na potreby ostatn\u00fdch a spolo\u010dnos\u0165 ako celku, na osobn\u00e9 z\u00e1ujmy, na ktor\u00e9 sme u\u017e \u010dasto zabudli. Mnoh\u00ed znovu \u201eobjavili\u201c knihy, filmy, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa okrem sc\u00e9n aj my\u0161lienku, mnoh\u00ed sa vr\u00e1tili k odlo\u017een\u00fdm kon\u00ed\u010dkom. Deti zostali zo d\u0148a na de\u0148 doma a za chodu vzniklo vyu\u010dovanie na dia\u013eku, o mo\u017enosti ktor\u00e9ho sa roky neplodne debatovalo. Situ\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 mnoh\u00fdch bez odvr\u00e1vania vr\u00e1tila do rod\u00edn, don\u00fatila n\u00e1s tr\u00e1vi\u0165 spolu ove\u013ea viac \u010dasu, rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 o veciach, na ktor\u00e9 nebol \u010das. Otestovala n\u00e1s v h\u013abke poznania, vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho z\u00e1ujmu i schopnosti tolerancie a spolu\u017eitia. Cudz\u00ed \u013eudia si pom\u00e1haj\u00fa, chr\u00e1nime viac ohrozen\u00e9 skupiny, zomkli sme sa a sme si bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V pracovnom prostred\u00ed vzniklo odrazu mno\u017estvo, a\u017e prekvapivo efekt\u00edvnych n\u00e1hradn\u00fdch \u201edia\u013ekov\u00fdch\u201c rie\u0161en\u00ed. Prejavila sa tolerancia, lebo ka\u017ed\u00fd to c\u00edtime trochu inak a navz\u00e1jom sa re\u0161pektujeme. Samozrejme, \u017ee e\u0161te dlho budeme poci\u0165ova\u0165 d\u00f4sledky t\u00fdchto zmien. Mo\u017eno n\u00e1s to privedie k\u00a0in\u00fdm cie\u013eom, ako je iba ekonomick\u00fd rast. A\u00a0nov\u00fd za\u010diatok ur\u010dite za\u010dne t\u00fdm, \u017ee tieto nov\u00e9 ciele mus\u00edme n\u00e1js\u0165. Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00a0sebe i\u00a0v\u0161etci spolu.<\/p>\n<p><em>Stano Bellan a\u00a0redakcia<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>V prv\u00fdch d\u0148och celo\u0161t\u00e1tnych opatren\u00ed proti koronov\u00edrusu, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1s chr\u00e1nili navz\u00e1jom, sa na facebooku objavil kr\u00e1sny odkaz: \u201ePo prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t m\u00e1\u0161 mo\u017enos\u0165 pom\u00f4c\u0165 zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 svet len t\u00fdm, \u017ee bude\u0161 le\u017ea\u0165 doma pred telkou, tak to nezbabri!\u201c <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/budeme-mudrejsi-skusenejsi-a-lepsi\/\" title=\"Budeme m\u00fadrej\u0161\u00ed, sk\u00fasenej\u0161\u00ed a lep\u0161\u00ed\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":3294,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3293","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zaujalo-nas"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3293"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3293\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3300,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3293\/revisions\/3300"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}