{"id":4413,"date":"2021-04-03T18:03:35","date_gmt":"2021-04-03T16:03:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/?p=4413"},"modified":"2021-04-03T18:50:01","modified_gmt":"2021-04-03T16:50:01","slug":"skalicke-ulice-rastislavova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/skalicke-ulice-rastislavova\/","title":{"rendered":"Skalick\u00e9 ulice &#8211; Rastislavova"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Rastislav<\/strong>, tie\u017e <strong>Rastic<\/strong> (* cca 820\/?\/ \u2013 \u2020 870 v\u00a0Bavorsku) bol druh\u00e9 ve\u013ekomoravsk\u00e9 staroslovensk\u00e9 knie\u017ea (846 \u2013 870), ktor\u00e9 je v\u00a0historick\u00fdch textoch titulovan\u00e9 ako <em>rex<\/em> \u2013 kr\u00e1\u013e, <em>regulus<\/em>, alebo <em>k\u0148az<\/em> \u2013 knie\u017ea. Na tr\u00f3n ho po zosadenom Mojm\u00edrovi I. dosadil v\u00fdchodofransk\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e \u013dudov\u00edt Nemec. V\u00a0rokoch 855, 864 i\u00a0869 ubr\u00e1nil Ve\u013ek\u00fa Moravu proti fransk\u00fdm \u00fatokom, veden\u00fdch \u013d.\u00a0Nemcom. Rastislav v\u00a0\u00fasil\u00ed dosiahnu\u0165 cirkevn\u00fa nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 od Frankov, ktor\u00fdch k\u0148azi p\u00f4sobili na \u00fazem\u00ed Ve\u013ekej Moravy, po\u017eiadal r. 860 p\u00e1pe\u017ea Mikul\u00e1\u0161a I. o\u00a0vyslanie u\u010dite\u013eov na zalo\u017eenie u\u010diliska, ktor\u00e9 by vychov\u00e1valo dom\u00e1cich, staroslovensk\u00fdch k\u0148azov. Ke\u010f\u017ee p\u00e1pe\u017e nena\u0161iel vhodn\u00fdch u\u010dite\u013eov, Rastislav sa obr\u00e1til na byzantsk\u00e9ho cis\u00e1ra Michala III., ktor\u00fd roku 863 vyslal na Ve\u013ek\u00fa Moravu ako mision\u00e1rov vierozvestov, bratov Kon\u0161tant\u00edna a\u00a0Metoda. T\u00ed do staroslovensk\u00e9ho (staroslovienskeho) jazyka prelo\u017eili z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 i\u00a0svetsk\u00e9 knihy. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie slovanskej liturgie (868) povolil p\u00e1pe\u017e Hadri\u00e1n II. a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r potvrdil p\u00e1pe\u017e <em>J\u00e1n<\/em> VIII. privil\u00e9giom <em>Industriae tuae<\/em> (880) s\u00a0podmienkou, \u017ee najsk\u00f4r sa bud\u00fa epi\u0161toly a\u00a0evanjelium \u010d\u00edta\u0165 v\u00a0latin\u010dine a\u00a0potom v\u00a0slovanskom jazyku.<\/p>\n<p>V\u010faka tomu sa ve\u013ekomoravsk\u00e1 kult\u00fara dostala na \u00farove\u0148 in\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych kult\u00far a v mnohom ich aj prekonala. Za vl\u00e1dy Rastislava Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Morava mocensky zosilnela a vymanila sa z fransk\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho podru\u010dia. V tom obdob\u00ed u\u017e mala nieko\u013eko s\u00eddeln\u00fdch knie\u017eat (ako dokladaj\u00fa archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy), hoci po mene pozn\u00e1me iba jedno \u2013 Sv\u00e4topluka I., ktor\u00e9mu Rastislav dal ako \u00fadel v\u00fdchodn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 Ve\u013ekej Moravy \u2013 Nitriansko. Rastislav podporoval aj iniciat\u00edvu Koce\u013ea (syna Pribinu, niekdaj\u0161ieho nitrianskeho staroslovensk\u00e9ho knie\u017ea\u0165a a potom vl\u00e1dcu v Blatenskom knie\u017eatstve) pri pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed Metoda na pan\u00f3nskeho biskupa, \u010do sa aj podarilo. Ke\u010f Sv\u00e4topluk roku 870 odtrhol \u00fazemie Nitrianska od Rastislavovej r\u00ed\u0161e, Rastislav ho chcel potresta\u0165, zbavi\u0165 titulu s\u00eddeln\u00e9ho knie\u017ea\u0165a a zabi\u0165. Sv\u00e4topluk mu v\u0161ak nastra\u017eil pascu, zajal ho a vydal Frankom, ktor\u00ed ho odvliekli do Bavorska a v Rezne (Regensburgu, Nemecko) ho ods\u00fadili na smr\u0165. Kr\u00e1\u013e \u013dudov\u00edt Nemec ho v\u0161ak omilostil a tak Rastislava \u201elen\u201c oslepili a uv\u00e4znili v jednom z tamoj\u0161\u00edch kl\u00e1\u0161torov, kde \u010doskoro zomrel. V\u010faka tomu sa Sv\u00e4topluk I. zmocnil jeho tr\u00f3nu. Zriaden\u00edm pan\u00f3nskej cirkevnej provincie za Rastislavovej vl\u00e1dy sa Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Morava vymanila spod cirkevnej pr\u00e1vomoci bavorsk\u00e9ho kl\u00e9ru, \u010d\u00edm dosiahla \u00fapln\u00fa nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 aj od politick\u00e9ho vplyvu Franskej r\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho slovensk\u00e9ho jazykovedca J\u00e1na Stanislava je meno <em>Rastic<\/em> staroslovensk\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu, preto\u017ee m\u00e1 znaky starobylej strednej sloven\u010diny. O Rastislavovi a n\u00edm ovl\u00e1danom \u00fazem\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa rozprestieralo na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Slovenska a dne\u0161nej Moravy, s\u00fa historick\u00e9 zmienky vo viacer\u00fdch s\u00favek\u00fdch dokumentoch (<em>Fuldsk\u00e9 an\u00e1ly<\/em>, list p\u00e1pe\u017ea Mikul\u00e1\u0161a I., <em>Herfledsk\u00e9 an\u00e1ly<\/em> a i.). Rastislavovo meno <em>Rastic<\/em> je dop\u00edsan\u00e9 na str\u00e1nke <em>Cividalsk\u00e9ho evanjelij\u00e1ra<\/em>, z \u010doho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee tento kl\u00e1\u0161tor v severotalianskom meste Cividale Rastislav nav\u0161t\u00edvil. Pod\u013ea slovensk\u00e9ho historika Pavla Jozefa \u0160af\u00e1rika (* 1795 \u2013 \u2020 1861) bol Rastislav <em>\u201enejv\u00fdte\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0o\u00a0n\u00e1rod sv\u016fj nejzaslou\u017eilej\u0161\u00ed panovn\u00edk slovansk\u00fd\u201c<\/em> v\u00a0celom 9. storo\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>O \u017eivote a vl\u00e1de Rastislava vzniklo viacero povest\u00ed, legiend, liter\u00e1rnych, dramatick\u00fdch a in\u00fdch umeleck\u00fdch diel. Rastislavov \u010din je, \u017eia\u013e, doposia\u013e v slovensk\u00fdch dejin\u00e1ch nedocenen\u00fd. Star\u00ed Slov\u00e1ci, ako predkovia dne\u0161n\u00fdch Slov\u00e1kov, v\u010faka nemu mali ako prv\u00ed v kres\u0165anskom svete preklady najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch kres\u0165ansk\u00fdch diel do svojho jazyka, \u010d\u00edm predbehli cel\u00fa z\u00e1padn\u00fa Eur\u00f3pu o takmer 700 rokov (<em>Bibliu<\/em> prelo\u017eil do in\u00e9ho, nemeck\u00e9ho jazyka a\u017e Martin Luther v roku 1552 \/Nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon\/ a 1534 \/Star\u00fd z\u00e1kon\/). Rastislav nielen\u017ee povzniesol vlastn\u00fa krajinu a svoj \u013eud, ale podnietil zrod kult\u00far v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny slovansk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov. V\u010faka Metodov\u00fdm \u017eiakom, ktor\u00ed \u0161\u00edrili p\u00edsmo <em>hlaholika<\/em> a p\u00edsomnosti v \u0148om zap\u00edsan\u00e9 medzi Bulharmi, Srbmi (i\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edmi slovansk\u00fdmi n\u00e1rodmi b\u00fdvalej Juhosl\u00e1vie), Poliakmi, \u010cechmi, Ukrajincami, Rusmi na Kyjevskej Rusi a\u00a0i., teda, v\u010faka ich vplyvu a\u00a0ve\u013ekomoravsk\u00e9mu p\u00edsomn\u00e9mu dedi\u010dstvu v\u00a0neskor\u0161ej cyrilike \u010di azbuke (vytvorenej na z\u00e1klade hlaholiky), si uveden\u00e9 slovansk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody vybudovali z\u00e1klady svojich n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch kult\u00far. Nanajv\u00fd\u0161 progres\u00edvnym bola aj Rastislavova iniciat\u00edva hl\u00e1sania Bo\u017eieho slova v\u00a0dom\u00e1com, slovensk\u00e9mu \u013eudu zrozumite\u013enom jazyku, \u010do sa nast\u00e1lo, najm\u00e4 v\u00a0katol\u00edckej liturgii, presadilo a\u017e v\u00a0\u0161es\u0165desiatych rokoch 20. storo\u010d\u00ed, ke\u010f\u017ee dovtedy sa pou\u017e\u00edvala latin\u010dina.<\/p>\n<p>Pravosl\u00e1vna cirkev na Slovensku i\u00a0v\u00a0\u010cesku uctieva Rastislava ako sv\u00e4tca, jeho kanoniz\u00e1cia sa uskuto\u010dnila v\u00a0roku 1994 v\u00a0Pre\u0161ove a\u00a0Brne.<\/p>\n<p><em>Pavol Dinka<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Pod\u013ea prame\u0148ov \u0160tefana Cifru<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Rastislav, tie\u017e Rastic (* cca 820\/?\/ \u2013 \u2020 870 v\u00a0Bavorsku) bol druh\u00e9 ve\u013ekomoravsk\u00e9 staroslovensk\u00e9 knie\u017ea (846 \u2013 870), ktor\u00e9 je v\u00a0historick\u00fdch textoch titulovan\u00e9 ako rex \u2013 kr\u00e1\u013e, regulus, alebo k\u0148az \u2013 knie\u017ea. Na tr\u00f3n ho <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/skalicke-ulice-rastislavova\/\" title=\"Skalick\u00e9 ulice &#8211; Rastislavova\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":4414,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4413","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-skalicke-ulice"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4413"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4415,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4413\/revisions\/4415"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}