{"id":4953,"date":"2021-12-17T14:08:43","date_gmt":"2021-12-17T13:08:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/?p=4953"},"modified":"2021-12-17T14:51:51","modified_gmt":"2021-12-17T13:51:51","slug":"kam-az-siaha-tradicia-medovnikov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/kam-az-siaha-tradicia-medovnikov\/","title":{"rendered":"Kam a\u017e siaha trad\u00edcia medovn\u00edkov"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Medovn\u00edky dnes patria k\u00a0neodmyslite\u013enej s\u00fa\u010dasti jarmokov a\u00a0takmer ka\u017ed\u00e1 dom\u00e1cnos\u0165 rozvoniava pr\u00edpravou medovn\u00edkov pred najkraj\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00edm roka \u2013 Vianocami. Medovnik\u00e1rstvo bolo kedysi popul\u00e1rnym remeslom. Samotn\u00e9 pern\u00edky s\u00fa ve\u013emi star\u00fdm pe\u010divom. Poznali ich Egyp\u0165ania, Gr\u00e9ci \u010di Rimania. P\u00f4vodne sl\u00fa\u017eili ako obetn\u00e9 pe\u010divo a\u00a0d\u00e1 sa o\u00a0nich poveda\u0165, \u017ee boli najstar\u0161\u00edm sladk\u00fdm pe\u010divom. V\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe sa objavili v\u00a014. storo\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0d\u00f4sledku kri\u017eiackych v\u00fdprav do arabsk\u00e9ho sveta, odkia\u013e boli prinesen\u00e9 spolu s\u00a0receptom aj potrebn\u00e9 koreniny.<\/p>\n<p>V 16. storo\u010d\u00ed ich v\u00fdroba, v d\u00f4sledku zavedenia foriem do v\u00fdroby, dosiahla prv\u00fd rozkvet. Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd po\u010det medovnik\u00e1rov sa za\u010dal organizova\u0165 v cechoch. Za kol\u00edsku cechov\u00e9ho medovnik\u00e1rstva sa poklad\u00e1 nemeck\u00e9 mesto Norimberg, kde vznikol roku 1530 prv\u00fd eur\u00f3psky medovnik\u00e1rsky cech. V obdob\u00ed protireform\u00e1cie sa o roz\u0161\u00edrenie medovnik\u00e1rstva zasl\u00fa\u017eili najm\u00e4 kl\u00e1\u0161tory. Medovnik\u00e1rsky tovar sa pred\u00e1val hlavne v p\u00fatnick\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch a\u00a0mest\u00e1ch. Z\u00a0\u00fazemia Nemecka sa cez Linz a\u00a0Viede\u0148 dostalo medovnik\u00e1rstvo na \u00fazemie Slovenska. Prv\u00fd cech medovnik\u00e1rov na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenska bol zalo\u017een\u00fd v\u00a0Bratislave roku 1681, od\u010dlenen\u00edm sa od cechu, ktor\u00fd p\u00f4sobil vo Viedni. Obrat v\u00a0medovnik\u00e1rstve nastal po roku 1872, kedy boli zru\u0161en\u00e9 cechy a\u00a0medovnik\u00e1rstvo sa zl\u00fa\u010dilo s\u00a0pek\u00e1rstvom a\u00a0cukr\u00e1rstvom.<\/p>\n<p>Medovn\u00edky sa vyr\u00e1bali v\u00a0nieko\u013ek\u00fdch druhoch, odli\u0161n\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom v\u00fdroby, pr\u00edsadami a\u00a0akos\u0165ou medu. P\u00f4vodn\u00e9 medovn\u00edky boli z\u00a0ra\u017enej m\u00faky, medu a\u00a0koren\u00edn, ktor\u00fdch zlo\u017eenie medovnik\u00e1ri chr\u00e1nili ako v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 tajomstvo. Svoje remeslo vykon\u00e1vali sami s\u00a0pomocou rodinn\u00fdch pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkov, len zriedka mali u\u010d\u0148ov. Neprezr\u00e1dzali svoje recepty a\u00a0neradi sa delili o\u00a0sk\u00fasenosti. Zaroben\u00e9 cesto sa nechalo odpo\u010d\u00edva\u0165. Sk\u00fasen\u00ed star\u0161\u00ed medovnik\u00e1ri vedeli, \u017ee najlep\u0161\u00ed medovn\u00edk je zo zmesi m\u00faky a\u00a0medu v\u00a0sude, ktor\u00e1 dozrievala pomal\u00fdm kvasen\u00edm. Ve\u013ek\u00fdm tajomstvom bolo tie\u017e d\u00e1vkovanie korenia. Z\u00e1kladnou surovinou, ktor\u00e1 ur\u010dovala kvalitu medovn\u00edkov, bol med. Od jeho kvality z\u00e1visela akos\u0165 medovn\u00edkov, pou\u017e\u00edvali lipov\u00fd, ag\u00e1tov\u00fd, l\u00fa\u010dny, tmav\u00fd lesn\u00fd med a\u00a0pod. Takto pripraven\u00e9 cesto sa potom vtl\u00e1\u010dalo do dreven\u00fdch foriem, tak, aby cesto vniklo aj do najmen\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1rezov. Nepotrebn\u00fd zvy\u0161ok cesta sa z\u00a0formy odstr\u00e1nil. Hotov\u00fd tvar sa vyklopil, ulo\u017eil na plech a\u00a0piekol na miernom ohni. Formy si vyr\u00e1bali medovnik\u00e1ri sami, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou z\u00a0tvrd\u00e9ho dreva ovocn\u00fdch stromov, najm\u00e4 hru\u0161ky, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148ovalo zachova\u0165 ostr\u00e9 hrany negat\u00edvneho reli\u00e9fu aj po dlh\u0161om pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvalo sa aj drevo orecha, lipy \u010di \u010dere\u0161ne, ale formy z\u00a0tohto druhu dreva po dlh\u0161om pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed \u010dasto praskali a\u00a0rezba sa odlupovala. Posledn\u00fdm rytcom medovn\u00edkov\u00fdch foriem na Slovensku bol Albert Spengel z\u00a0Levo\u010de.<\/p>\n<p>Medovnik\u00e1ri za\u010dali pod vplyvom rozv\u00edjaj\u00facej sa cukr\u00e1rskej v\u00fdroby koncom 19. storo\u010dia zara\u010fova\u0165 do v\u00fdroby cukor, ktor\u00fd cesto zjem\u0148oval a\u00a0tak ho bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 vykrajova\u0165 kovov\u00fdmi formami, ktor\u00e9 sa vyr\u00e1bali z\u00a0pozinkovan\u00e9ho alebo poc\u00ednovan\u00e9ho plechu. Dreven\u00e9 formy tak za\u010dali pomaly zanika\u0165, preto\u017ee miesenie, l\u00e1manie a\u00a0vtl\u00e1\u010danie tuh\u00e9ho cesta do foriem bola nam\u00e1hav\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca. Po upe\u010den\u00ed sa vykrajovan\u00e9 medovn\u00edky zdobili cukrovou polevou bielej farby.<\/p>\n<p>Medovn\u00edky mali r\u00f4zne tvary, ve\u013ekosti a\u00a0podoby, pod\u013ea toho, pre koho boli ur\u010den\u00e9. Z\u00a0p\u00fat\u00ed sa nosili medovn\u00edky s\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi mot\u00edvmi, dary z\u00a0l\u00e1sky v\u00a0podobe ve\u013ek\u00fdch s\u0155dc, de\u0165om sa kupovali medovn\u00edky v\u00a0tvare hra\u010dky, chlapcom napr\u00edklad kon\u00edk, hus\u00e1r, diev\u010dat\u00e1m b\u00e1bika, kol\u00edska.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4954\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4954\" style=\"width: 429px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4954\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/scan0001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"429\" height=\"590\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/scan0001.jpg 429w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/scan0001-218x300.jpg 218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 429px) 100vw, 429px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4954\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zdroj: MVSR, \u0160t\u00e1tny arch\u00edv v\u00a0Trnave, pracovisko Arch\u00edv Skalica, \u017eivnostensk\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo Hol\u00ed\u010d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4955\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4955\" style=\"width: 429px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4955\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/scan0002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"429\" height=\"590\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/scan0002.jpg 429w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/scan0002-218x300.jpg 218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 429px) 100vw, 429px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4955\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zdroj: MVSR, \u0160t\u00e1tny arch\u00edv v\u00a0Trnave, pracovisko Arch\u00edv Skalica, \u017eivnostensk\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo Hol\u00ed\u010d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4956\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4956\" style=\"width: 389px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4956\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/zivnostensky-list-perarska-cinnost.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"389\" height=\"563\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/zivnostensky-list-perarska-cinnost.jpg 389w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/zivnostensky-list-perarska-cinnost-207x300.jpg 207w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 389px) 100vw, 389px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4956\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zdroj: MVSR, \u0160t\u00e1tny arch\u00edv v\u00a0Trnave, pracovisko Arch\u00edv Skalica, \u017eivnostensk\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo Hol\u00ed\u010d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4957\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4957\" style=\"width: 363px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4957\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/zivnostensky-list-Studenik.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"363\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/zivnostensky-list-Studenik.jpg 363w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/zivnostensky-list-Studenik-184x300.jpg 184w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4957\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zdroj: MVSR, \u0160t\u00e1tny arch\u00edv v\u00a0Trnave, pracovisko Arch\u00edv Skalica, \u017eivnostensk\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo Hol\u00ed\u010d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Najpodstatnej\u0161\u00ed rozdiel medzi pern\u00edkom a\u00a0medovn\u00edkom ur\u010dovalo to, \u010di sa na ich v\u00fdrobu pou\u017eil \u010dist\u00fd v\u010del\u00ed med alebo rozrieden\u00fd med, hroznov\u00fd cukor, pr\u00edpadne sirupy alebo cukor. Zdoben\u00e9 srdcia, b\u00e1biky, kon\u00edky, ako ich pozn\u00e1me z\u00a0trhov a\u00a0jarmokov, sa vyr\u00e1bali z\u00a0cukrov\u00e9ho cesta, v\u00a0ktorom nebol med, a\u00a0tak tieto v\u00fdrobky nemo\u017eno ozna\u010di\u0165 ako medovn\u00edky. V\u00a0kol\u00edske remeselnej pernik\u00e1rskej v\u00fdroby \u2013 Nemecku sa presne rozli\u0161ovalo medzi medovn\u00edkom a\u00a0pern\u00edkom. Z\u00e1sadn\u00fd rozdiel medzi pern\u00edkom a\u00a0medovn\u00edkom mo\u017eno zhrn\u00fa\u0165 takto: Medovn\u00edk je v\u00fdrobok z\u00a0\u010dist\u00e9ho v\u010delieho medu, z\u00a0kvalitnej m\u00faky a\u00a0pr\u00edsad, je m\u00e4kk\u00fd, jemn\u00fd, k\u00fdm pern\u00edk je tvrd\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobok, menej akostn\u00fd, vyr\u00e1ba sa z\u00a0rozrieden\u00e9ho medu, umel\u00e9ho medu, pr\u00edpadne sirupu \u010di cukru, \u017eitnej m\u00faky a\u00a0koren\u00edn.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4959\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4959\" style=\"width: 431px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4959\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Tvary-medovnikov.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"431\" height=\"748\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Tvary-medovnikov.jpg 431w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Tvary-medovnikov-173x300.jpg 173w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 431px) 100vw, 431px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4959\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zdroj: Encyklop\u00e9dia \u013eudovej kult\u00fary Slovenska\u00a01.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie stredisk\u00e1 v\u00fdroby medovn\u00edkov na z\u00e1padnom Slovensku boli v\u00a0okol\u00ed Bratislavy, Trnavy, Pezinka, Modry, Hlohovca \u010di Topo\u013e\u010dian. V\u00a0Skalici sa roku 1931 usadil Rudolf Studen\u00edk (poch\u00e1dzal zo Zlechova v\u00a0okrese Uhersk\u00fd Brod), ktor\u00fd sa vyu\u010dil cukr\u00e1rskemu a\u00a0pek\u00e1rskemu remeslu. Spolu s\u00a0bratom Jozefom v\u00a0Skalici vykon\u00e1vali \u017eivnos\u0165 a\u017e do roku 1938. Spolo\u010dn\u00fd podnik n\u00e1sledne pretvorili, Rudolf prevzal \u017eivnos\u0165, okresn\u00fd \u00farad mu pod\u013ea platn\u00fdch z\u00e1konov vydal \u017eivnostensk\u00fd list na pek\u00e1rsku \u017eivnos\u0165, vybudoval dokonal\u00fd pek\u00e1rsky podnik vo vlastnom dome a\u00a0po osamostatnen\u00ed Slovenska zriadil v\u00fdrobu obl\u00e1tiek a\u00a0pern\u00edkov, ke\u010f\u017ee tento tovar bol dovtedy dov\u00e1\u017ean\u00fd z\u00a0Protektor\u00e1tu \u010cechy a\u00a0Morava. V\u00a0roku 1939 predal svoj dom v\u00a0Skalici, aj so \u017eivnos\u0165ou, a\u00a0prenajal si v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie miestnosti v\u00a0Hol\u00ed\u010di, tzv. Nov\u00e9 Mlyny a\u00a0vybavil ich cukr\u00e1rskym strojn\u00fdm zariaden\u00edm na tov\u00e1rensk\u00fa v\u00fdrobu.<\/p>\n<p>Dnes existuje ve\u013ea receptov medovn\u00edkov, ktor\u00e9 prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa r\u00f4zne kuch\u00e1rske knihy. Recepty na medovn\u00edky sa \u010dasto pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa z\u00a0pokolenia na pokolenie a\u00a0pe\u010d\u00fa sa v\u00a0rodin\u00e1ch predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ako viano\u010dn\u00e9 pe\u010divo.<\/p>\n<p><em>Mgr. Veronika Blan\u00e1rikov\u00e1,<\/em><br \/>\n<em>samostatn\u00fd radca, <\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u0160t\u00e1tny arch\u00edv Trnava, pracovisko Skalica<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Vianoce ako z medu<\/h2>\n<p>Po\u010das vzniku \u010dl\u00e1nku o\u00a0hist\u00f3rii medovn\u00edkov sme boli zvedav\u00ed ako je to s\u00a0trad\u00edciou tohto sl\u00e1vnostn\u00e9ho pe\u010diva v\u00a0skalick\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostiach. Zverejnili sme v\u00fdzvu, aby ste n\u00e1m zaslali fotografie dom\u00e1cich medovn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4961\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_20201204_1624073.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"642\" height=\"757\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_20201204_1624073.jpg 642w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/IMG_20201204_1624073-254x300.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 642px) 100vw, 642px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Radi prin\u00e1\u0161ame uk\u00e1\u017eku medovn\u00edkov, ktor\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9 Vianoce pe\u010die a\u00a0zdob\u00ed pani M\u00e1ria Br\u00fcckov\u00e1. Okrem klasick\u00fdch medovn\u00edkov toti\u017e vyr\u00e1ba z\u00a0rovnak\u00e9ho cesta aj Betlehemy, ktor\u00e9 rozd\u00e1va v\u00a0rodine a\u00a0priate\u013eom. Ve\u013emi n\u00e1s pote\u0161ili a\u00a0d\u00fafame, \u017ee prines\u00fa rados\u0165 a\u00a0in\u0161pir\u00e1ciu aj v\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4962\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Betlehem-pernikovy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"708\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Betlehem-pernikovy-1.jpg 708w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Betlehem-pernikovy-1-300x170.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 708px) 100vw, 708px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Medovn\u00edky dnes patria k\u00a0neodmyslite\u013enej s\u00fa\u010dasti jarmokov a\u00a0takmer ka\u017ed\u00e1 dom\u00e1cnos\u0165 rozvoniava pr\u00edpravou medovn\u00edkov pred najkraj\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00edm roka \u2013 Vianocami. Medovnik\u00e1rstvo bolo kedysi popul\u00e1rnym remeslom. Samotn\u00e9 pern\u00edky s\u00fa ve\u013emi star\u00fdm pe\u010divom. Poznali ich Egyp\u0165ania, Gr\u00e9ci \u010di Rimania. <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/kam-az-siaha-tradicia-medovnikov\/\" title=\"Kam a\u017e siaha trad\u00edcia medovn\u00edkov\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4953","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zaujalo-nas"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4953"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4963,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4953\/revisions\/4963"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}