{"id":4973,"date":"2021-12-17T14:15:58","date_gmt":"2021-12-17T13:15:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/?p=4973"},"modified":"2025-01-30T23:34:34","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T22:34:34","slug":"vianocny-zvyk-starsi-nez-vianoce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/vianocny-zvyk-starsi-nez-vianoce\/","title":{"rendered":"Viano\u010dn\u00fd zvyk star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Vianoce"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>S\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fdm z\u00a0prastar\u00fdch sviatkov, s\u00a0ktor\u00fdmi sa stret\u00e1vame po\u010das kalend\u00e1rneho roka, sa via\u017ee mno\u017estvo povier, zvykov a\u00a0trad\u00edci\u00ed. Tak je tomu aj po\u010das Vianoc. Pred o\u010dami sa n\u00e1m vybav\u00ed strom\u010dek, dar\u010deky, betlehem, ale aj bozk pod imelom. Pr\u00e1ve ten posledn\u00fd zvyk je asi najmenej \u010dast\u00fd, no st\u00e1le \u017eiv\u00fd a\u00a0samotn\u00e9 imelo zdob\u00ed v\u00a0zime a\u00a0predov\u0161etk\u00fdm po\u010das najkraj\u0161\u00edch sviatkov mno\u017estvo dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Posv\u00e4tn\u00fa \u00factu si pravdepodobne vydobyla samotn\u00e1rastlina u\u017e svoj\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom \u017eivota. Vymyk\u00e1 sa v\u0161etk\u00fdm ostatn\u00fdm rastlin\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1s obklopuj\u00fa. Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm t\u00fdm, \u017ee zost\u00e1va zelen\u00e1 a\u00a0svie\u017ea aj v\u00a0zime, ke\u010f ostatn\u00e9 rastliny upadaj\u00fa do vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho pokoja. Kr\u00e1sne zeleno-zlat\u00e9 gule v\u00a0hol\u00fdch korun\u00e1ch stromov p\u00f4sobia n\u00e1dherne, ba a\u017e sl\u00e1vnostne. Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v\u010faka vzh\u013eadu a\u00a0sp\u00f4sobu \u017eivota pri\u0161lo k\u00a0pris\u00fadeniu magick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00a0lie\u010dite\u013eskej a\u00a0magickej praxi staroveku imelo zast\u00e1valo v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9 miesto. Nielen v\u00a0staroveku, i\u00a0dnes je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou sviato\u010dnej viano\u010dnej atmosf\u00e9ry i\u00a0farmaceutick\u00e9ho priemyslu.<\/p>\n<h3>KAM ODKR\u00c1\u010cAL KRA\u010c\u00daN<\/h3>\n<p>Vlastne nikam, preto\u017ee toto slovo nem\u00e1 ni\u010d spolo\u010dn\u00e9 s kr\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm, ale s najkrat\u0161\u00edm d\u0148om v roku, teda, zimn\u00fdm slnovratom. V\u010faka astron\u00f3mii je tento sviatok pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstiev zhodn\u00fd pr\u00e1ve s\u00a0d\u00e1tumom Vianoc. Ako tak\u00fd i\u00a0star\u00ed Slovania oslavovali n\u00e1vrat Slnka. S\u00a0t\u00fdmto d\u0148om sa sp\u00e1jalo viacero zvykov. Napr\u00edklad, kto prv\u00fd r\u00e1no vstal, nabral vodu zo studni\u010dky a\u00a0ostatn\u00fdch \u0148ou pokropil na znak vzdania \u00facty tomuto \u017eivlu (prenesene pr\u00edrode a\u00a0v\u0161etk\u00fdm \u017eivlom) a\u00a0t\u00fdm aj zobuden\u00edm v\u0161etk\u00fdch do nov\u00e9ho roku. Pr\u00e1ve v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed sa zbieralo aj imelo ako ochrann\u00fd a\u00a0lie\u010div\u00fd prostriedok. Najviac je imelo zn\u00e1me v\u00a0spojen\u00ed s\u00a0keltsk\u00fdmi druidmi. Spome\u0148te si na druida Panoramixa z\u00a0komixu o\u00a0Asterixovi, ktor\u00fd v\u00a0\u010dase okolo zimn\u00e9ho slnovratu zbieral posv\u00e4tn\u00e9 imelo zlat\u00fdm kos\u00e1kom. Starovek\u00e9 n\u00e1rody, ktor\u00e9 sa s\u00a0n\u00edm stret\u00e1vali, verili, \u017ee ich chr\u00e1ni pred d\u00e9monmi a\u00a0jeho poves\u0165 siahala a\u017e k\u00a0prisudzovaniu sily v\u0161elieku i\u00a0protijedu proti v\u0161emo\u017en\u00fdm otrav\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4975\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4975\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4975\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20421185e31d7b6026a113dfb2fbc4db-mmf400x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20421185e31d7b6026a113dfb2fbc4db-mmf400x400.jpg 750w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/20421185e31d7b6026a113dfb2fbc4db-mmf400x400-300x160.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4975\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u010caro imela pripom\u00edna mnoho v\u00fdrobkov, napr\u00edklad sviato\u010dn\u00e9 svie\u010dky<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>SVEDECTV\u00c1 D\u00c1VNYCH VEKOV<\/h3>\n<p>Najstar\u0161ie zmienky o imele v s\u00favislosti s keltsk\u00fdmi druidmi op\u00edsal vo svojom diele Plinius star\u0161\u00ed (23-79 n. l.). Hovor\u00ed o tom ako v de\u0148 zimn\u00e9ho slnovratu druidi obetovali pod mohutn\u00fdm dubom dva biele b\u00fdky, ktor\u00e9 nikdy nemali na sebe ohl\u00e1vku a potom zlat\u00fdm kos\u00e1kom odsekol najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed druid vetvi\u010dky imela. Tie zachytili do plachty, aby sa nedotkli zeme a z nich pripravili v\u0161emocn\u00fd n\u00e1poj \u201eomnia sanantem\u201c. Napriek tomu, \u017ee sa nikdy pri vykop\u00e1vkach nena\u0161iel zlat\u00fd kos\u00e1k, imelo na dube rastie ve\u013emi zriedka, a o b\u00fdkoch ani nehovoriac, pre\u017e\u00edva u priaznivcov viera v tento ritu\u00e1l st\u00e1le. V\u00a0r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach sveta bolo imelo zasv\u00e4ten\u00e9 Apol\u00f3novi, Odinovi, ale aj bohyniam Freye, Frigge a\u00a0Venu\u0161i. U\u00a0Gr\u00e9kov a\u00a0Rimanov bolo zasv\u00e4ten\u00e9 bohyni podsvetia Persefone a\u00a0otv\u00e1ralo br\u00e1ny podsvetia. Siln\u00fd v\u00fdznam malo v\u00a0\u0160kandin\u00e1vii. V\u00a0b\u00e1sni Edda je napr\u00edklad syn bohyne Frigge nezranite\u013en\u00fd a\u017e dovtedy, k\u00fdm Loki vystr\u00faha \u0161\u00edp z\u00a0imela. Kr\u00e1sne, a\u017e na drobnos\u0165, \u017ee v\u00a0\u0160kandin\u00e1vii imelo nerastie&#8230; Jedna z\u00a0povest\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 sa rad\u00ed k\u00a0ve\u013ek\u00fdm nezmyslom, hovor\u00ed dokonca o\u00a0tom, \u017ee z\u00a0dreva imela bol vyroben\u00fd kr\u00ed\u017e, na ktorom zomrel Kristus.<\/p>\n<h3>MEDIC\u00cdNA D\u00c1VA ZA PRAVDU<\/h3>\n<p>Na rozdiel od mytol\u00f3gie, viera v siln\u00e9 medic\u00ednske \u00fa\u010dinky imela m\u00e1 u\u017e ove\u013ea pevnej\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1klad. A\u00a0jeho \u00fa\u010dinky nespochybnila ani modern\u00e1 veda. T\u00e1 zistila, \u017ee obsahuje mno\u017estvo medic\u00ednsky \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. Je to cel\u00e9 spektrum chemick\u00fdch komponentov ako peptid viskotox\u00edn, chol\u00edn, acetylchol\u00edn, flavonoidy, slizy, cukry, vosky, organick\u00e9 kyseliny a\u00a0rastlinn\u00e9 farbiv\u00e1. \u010ealej s\u00fa to glykoprote\u00edny, fenolov\u00e9 kyseliny a\u00a0lignany. Taktie\u017e biog\u00e9nne am\u00edny, cyklitoly a\u00a0fenolkarb\u00f3nov\u00e9 kyseliny, alkaloidy, histam\u00edn a\u00a0taktie\u017e triterp\u00e9ny. Imelo je vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v\u00a0medic\u00edne na zni\u017eovanie krvn\u00e9ho tlaku, podporu \u010dinnosti srdca, deti zbavuje hl\u00edst, roz\u0161iruje cievy a\u00a0br\u00e1ni ich v\u00e1penateniu. P\u00f4sob\u00ed aj ako sedat\u00edvum a\u00a0m\u00e1 \u00fadajne protirakovinov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Vyu\u017e\u00edva sa aj v\u00a0homeopatii. V\u00a0\u013eudovom lie\u010dite\u013estve sa v\u0161ak pou\u017e\u00edva pre podstatne e\u0161te \u0161ir\u0161ie spektrum chor\u00f4b a\u00a0ochoren\u00ed.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_4976\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4976\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4976\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5a5e3a19cfee874de684dadca4d4f96f23c448da77585306b3bd3ff3a09fc9de.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5a5e3a19cfee874de684dadca4d4f96f23c448da77585306b3bd3ff3a09fc9de.jpg 700w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/5a5e3a19cfee874de684dadca4d4f96f23c448da77585306b3bd3ff3a09fc9de-300x171.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4976\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Modern\u00e1 fytofarmakol\u00f3gia pou\u017e\u00edva imelo predov\u0161etk\u00fdm vo forme \u010dajov\u00edn a\u00a0tinkt\u00far<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>DOBR\u00c9 SPOLU\u017dITIE<\/h3>\n<p>Nezvy\u010dajn\u00fd je u\u017e v\u00fdskyt imela v\u00a0korun\u00e1ch drev\u00edn. Existencia hostite\u013ea je podmienkou, nako\u013eko je to parazit. Jedn\u00fdm upev\u0148ovac\u00edm kore\u0148om je pripevnen\u00e9 k\u00a0hostite\u013eskej rastline a\u00a0podk\u00f4rov\u00fdmi kore\u0148mi sa nap\u00e1ja na cievne zv\u00e4zky hostite\u013ea, \u010d\u00edm z\u00a0neho prij\u00edma predov\u0161etk\u00fdm \u017eiviny a\u00a0vodu. Opa\u010dne mu v\u0161ak dod\u00e1va sacharidy, ktor\u00e9 v\u00a0\u0148om vznikaj\u00fa v\u00a0procese fotosynt\u00e9zy. Pod\u013ea drev\u00edn, na ktor\u00fdch parazituje, rozpozn\u00e1vame imelo biele, rast\u00face na brez\u00e1ch, topo\u013eoch, lip\u00e1ch a\u00a0ag\u00e1toch, z\u00a0ovocn\u00fdch stromov najm\u00e4 na jabloniach, \u010falej imelo ihli\u010dnat\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 rastie na boroviciach a\u00a0smrekoch a\u00a0posledn\u00e9 imelo ihli\u010dnat\u00e9 jed\u013eov\u00e9. Pokia\u013e sa na jednom strome nevyskytuje prive\u013ea rastl\u00edn imela, evidentne obsaden\u00fa drevinu nepo\u0161kodzuje a\u00a0v\u00a0priazniv\u00fdch podmienkach sa samo do\u017e\u00edva a\u017e sedemdesiat rokov.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4977\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/mistletoe.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"516\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/mistletoe.jpg 516w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/mistletoe-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>BOZK POD IMELOM<\/h3>\n<p>Imelo a Vianoce vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa rovnicu, ktorej v\u00fdsledkom je bozk pod imelom.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Imelo sa odprad\u00e1vna ve\u0161alo v domoch ako ochrana pred zlom, ale aj ako \u00fakryt pre dobr\u00fdch lesn\u00fdch duchov. Imelo sa v\u017edy objavuje vo forme zavesen\u00fdch dekor\u00e1ci\u00ed, \u010do s\u00favis\u00ed s \u010fal\u0161ou poverou, \u017ee jeho dotyk so zemou prin\u00e1\u0161a ne\u0161\u0165astie. Pod\u013ea historikov poch\u00e1dza tento zvyk z\u00a0Anglicka, no k\u00a0n\u00e1m sa postupne dostal z\u00a0Nemecka. A\u00a0to bozk\u00e1vanie m\u00e1 svoje pravidl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa oblas\u0165ami l\u00ed\u0161ia. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti sa m\u00f4\u017eu pod\u013ea povery bozk\u00e1va\u0165 v\u0161etci, no s\u00a0r\u00f4znymi z\u00e1mermi a\u00a0cie\u013emi. Ak sa bozk\u00e1vaj\u00fa man\u017eelia \u010di milenci, je to znak vernosti a\u00a0pevn\u00e9ho zv\u00e4zku. Mlad\u00e9mu p\u00e1ru by mal bozk zaru\u010di\u0165 okrem l\u00e1sky i\u00a0plodnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Tomu verili u\u017e Kelti, ktor\u00ed imelo ve\u0161ali do dver\u00ed na z\u00e1rubne. Treba sa v\u0161ak bozk\u00e1va\u0165 (teda, ak sa bozk\u00e1va za t\u00fdmto \u00fa\u010delom pod imelom) v\u00a0obdob\u00ed medzi Vianocami a\u00a0Nov\u00fdm rokom.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0160\u0164ASTIE SA NED\u00c1 K\u00daPI\u0164<\/h3>\n<p>Imelo si, pre jeho estetick\u00fa hodnotu i dlh\u00fa trvanlivos\u0165, bez toho, \u017ee sa o\u0148 treba stara\u0165, \u013eudia \u010dasto kupuj\u00fa. Za\u010dalo to ve\u0161an\u00edm imela pri keltsk\u00fdch dver\u00e1ch, na zapudenie zl\u00fdch s\u00edl. Slovania, na opa\u010dnom konci kontinentu, mu dali meno \u201emetla duchov\u201c, z \u010doho je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee v ich svete sl\u00fa\u017eilo k rovnak\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu. Je zvykom ve\u0161a\u0165 si ho ako ozdobu na luster, stenu alebo polo\u017ei\u0165 na st\u00f4l, \u010di da\u0165 nasucho do v\u00e1zy. Ak v\u0161ak m\u00e1 prinies\u0165 \u0161\u0165astie, povera vrav\u00ed, \u017ee by malo by\u0165 darovan\u00e9. A e\u0161te, vraj, aby prinieslo \u0161\u0165astie, m\u00e1 by\u0165 zelen\u00e9, nie such\u00e9. Ako v\u0161ak schne, prech\u00e1dza dozlata a zase \u201ezlat\u00e9\u201c pri\u0165ahuje peniaze. T\u00fa chv\u00ed\u013eu medzi zelen\u00fdm a zlat\u00fdm treba nejako opatrne vytrpie\u0165. V ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade imelo je kr\u00e1sne a ke\u010f ho nech\u00e1te na lustri hoci po cel\u00fd rok, poc\u00edtite k\u00fasok \u0161\u0165astia v\u017edy, ke\u010f na\u0148 padne v\u00e1\u0161 poh\u013ead. Aj ke\u010f \u2013 pod\u013ea povier by ste ho mali odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 do 6. janu\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4982\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/imelo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"711\" height=\"553\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/imelo.jpg 711w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/imelo-300x233.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Imelo biele<\/strong> (Viscum album) <\/em><br \/>\n<em>Dvojdom\u00fd stromovit\u00fd ker, dorastaj\u00faci 30 a\u017e 60 cm. Poloparazitick\u00e1 rastlina cudzopas\u00ed na stromoch, no hostite\u013esk\u00e9 stromy nepo\u0161kodzuje, prichyt\u00e1va sa na ich k\u00f4re. Vyskytuje sa v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe a\u00a0\u00c1zii. Z\u00a0poddruhov imela sa u\u00a0n\u00e1s naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vyskytuje imelo biele. M\u00e1 ko\u017eovit\u00e9, vajcovito podlhovast\u00e9 listy a\u00a0drobn\u00e9 \u017eltkast\u00e9 kvety. Kvitne na jar a\u00a0kvety vylu\u010duj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo nekt\u00e1ru, ktor\u00fd l\u00e1ka v\u010dely a\u00a0hmyz. Za\u010diatkom zimy sa objavuj\u00fa plody, ktor\u00fdmi s\u00fa lepkav\u00e9 bobule. Tradi\u010dne sa z\u00a0nich varilo lepidlo na lapanie m\u00fach a\u00a0vt\u00e1kov.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Stano Bellan<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Foto: internet<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>S\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fdm z\u00a0prastar\u00fdch sviatkov, s\u00a0ktor\u00fdmi sa stret\u00e1vame po\u010das kalend\u00e1rneho roka, sa via\u017ee mno\u017estvo povier, zvykov a\u00a0trad\u00edci\u00ed. Tak je tomu aj po\u010das Vianoc. Pred o\u010dami sa n\u00e1m vybav\u00ed strom\u010dek, dar\u010deky, betlehem, ale aj bozk pod imelom. Pr\u00e1ve <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/vianocny-zvyk-starsi-nez-vianoce\/\" title=\"Viano\u010dn\u00fd zvyk star\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Vianoce\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":17,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4973","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-hlavna-tema"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4973"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4973\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5719,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4973\/revisions\/5719"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}