{"id":5205,"date":"2022-04-24T20:11:11","date_gmt":"2022-04-24T18:11:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/?p=5205"},"modified":"2022-06-06T13:05:49","modified_gmt":"2022-06-06T11:05:49","slug":"odkaz-devina-stale-znie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/odkaz-devina-stale-znie\/","title":{"rendered":"Odkaz dev\u00edna st\u00e1le znie I. \u010das\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>V tejto, po v\u0161etk\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach zlo\u017eitej dobe, n\u00e1s postoj k udalostiam i hodnot\u00e1m permanentne rozde\u013euje, niekedy na dva, inokedy na mnoho t\u00e1borov. Pr\u00e1ve hodnoty, tie ve\u013ek\u00e9 a z\u00e1sadn\u00e9, by v\u0161ak mali by\u0165 pilierom, o ktor\u00fd sa m\u00f4\u017eeme oprie\u0165. Je to n\u00e1dej, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017eeme t\u00fato dobu ust\u00e1\u0165. Tak\u00fdmi piliermi s\u00fa napr\u00edklad spisovn\u00e1 re\u010d, vlastn\u00fd n\u00e1rod a na\u0161e dejiny. To v\u0161etko v sebe sp\u00e1ja epos Sv\u00e4topluk od J\u00e1na Holl\u00e9ho a to ove\u013ea viac ako v n\u00e1s zanechalo \u0161kolsk\u00e9 u\u010divo. Tajomstvo, ktor\u00e9 v\u00a0sebe t\u00e1to ve\u013ekolep\u00e1 b\u00e1se\u0148 ukr\u00fdva, n\u00e1m v\u00a0\u0161tyroch \u010dastiach odokryje Holl\u00e9ho znalky\u0148a, jazykovedky\u0148a a\u00a0histori\u010dka, Skali\u010danka profesorka Eva Fordin\u00e1lov\u00e1.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h4>SILA PRIJA\u0164 PRAVDU<\/h4>\n<p>Osobne sme \u201ev\u00a0priamom prenose\u201c svedkami zanedb\u00e1vania z\u00e1ujmu o\u00a0na\u0161u n\u00e1rodn\u00fa hist\u00f3riu, ktor\u00e1 je v\u0161ak rozhoduj\u00faca pre poznanie na\u0161ej pr\u00edtomnosti, n\u00e1\u0161ho miesta v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnom globalizuj\u00facom sa svete. Str\u00e1came vlastn\u00fa tv\u00e1r a\u00a0pre kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 m\u00f3dne vlny zanedb\u00e1vame vlastn\u00fa historick\u00fa kult\u00faru s\u00a0hlbok\u00fdmi zdrav\u00fdmi kore\u0148mi. Na\u0161e p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 rodov\u00e9 vlastnosti e\u0161te st\u00e1le nach\u00e1dzame vo svojej svojr\u00e1znej kult\u00fare, ktor\u00fa obdivuje svet. Dokazuj\u00fa to napr\u00edklad \u00faspechy na\u0161ich folkl\u00f3rnych s\u00faborov v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed, medzi nimi aj s\u00faboru Skali\u010dan. V\u00a0na\u0161ich \u013eudov\u00fdch rozpr\u00e1vkach a\u00a0povestiach dominuje spravodlivos\u0165 a\u00a0zmysel pre s\u00falad, ktor\u00fd dokazuje r\u00fdmovanie a\u00a0melodickos\u0165 \u013eudov\u00fdch piesn\u00ed \u010di farebnos\u0165 \u013eudov\u00fdch krojov. Av\u0161ak m\u00e1me aj n\u00e1klonnos\u0165 nev\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 si a\u00a0zaprie\u0165 tieto hodnoty.<\/p>\n<p>Rovnako bez z\u00e1ujmu sa spr\u00e1vame k vlastn\u00fdm dejin\u00e1m. Nech\u00e1me si bagatelizova\u0165 v\u00fdznam na\u0161ich historick\u00fdch udalost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 pritom ovplyvnili nielen n\u00e1\u0161, ale aj v\u00fdvoj okolit\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, cudz\u00edmi vyklada\u010dmi, ukazuj\u00facich n\u00e1m na\u0161u vlastn\u00fa tv\u00e1r v kriv\u00fdch zrkadl\u00e1ch zneva\u017eovan\u00edm na\u0161ich historick\u00fdch skutkov, respekt\u00edve ich zaml\u010dovan\u00edm alebo pripisovan\u00edm in\u00fdm n\u00e1rodom. A ke\u010f\u017ee sme si nechali vn\u00fati\u0165 svoj deformovan\u00fd obraz, unikli n\u00e1m s\u00favislosti skuto\u010dn\u00fdch a z\u00e1sadn\u00fdch historick\u00fdch faktov, alebo aspo\u0148 priame poznanie ich historick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu v n\u00e1rodnom v\u00fdvine.<\/p>\n<h4>PRE\u010cO I\u0160LI \u0160T\u00daROVCI NA DEV\u00cdN<\/h4>\n<p>O t\u00fato historick\u00fa rekon\u0161trukciu by som sa rada pok\u00fasila na pr\u00edklade udalosti, o ktorej zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a vieme, \u017ee sa uskuto\u010dnila. Ani z u\u010debn\u00edc dejepisu sa v\u0161ak nedozvieme ako a pre\u010do sa uskuto\u010dnila, ak\u00fd mala historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam v re\u0165azci na\u0161ich n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch dej\u00edn. Na ich po\u010diatku s\u00fa aj Skali\u010dania. Ide o pam\u00e4tn\u00fa vych\u00e1dzku \u0161t\u00farovcov na Dev\u00edn v roku 1836, o to, \u010do jej predch\u00e1dzalo, jej okolnosti, o ktor\u00fdch sa \u201ezab\u00fadalo hovori\u0165\u201c a o ich historick\u00e9 pozadie. Od dvadsiatych rokov 19. storo\u010dia (po roku 1820) za\u010d\u00edna silnie\u0165 ma\u010fariza\u010dn\u00fd politick\u00fd tlak. Na ka\u017edom zasadan\u00ed uhorsk\u00e9ho snemu prib\u00fadaj\u00fa z\u00e1kony, presadzuj\u00face ma\u010farsk\u00fa nadradenos\u0165 v uhorskej \u010dasti monarchie. Nast\u00e1va \u010das, \u201eke\u010f z ka\u017edej ve\u017ei\u010dky odzv\u00e1\u0148ali Slov\u00e1kom\u201c (S. H. Vajansk\u00fd). V tom \u010dase na Slovensku ch\u00fdbala zjednocuj\u00faca sila, ktor\u00e1 by im bola schopn\u00e1 vzdorova\u0165. Pretrv\u00e1vala cirkevn\u00e1 roztrie\u0161tenos\u0165 a s \u0148ou aj pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00faca roztrie\u0161tenos\u0165 kult\u00farna. V\u00a0tejto situ\u00e1cii jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0deliacich znakov bolo pou\u017e\u00edvanie bernol\u00e1kov\u010diny u\u00a0katol\u00edkov a\u00a0biblickej \u010de\u0161tiny u\u00a0evanjelikov. A\u00a0do tejto atmosf\u00e9ry bezn\u00e1deje vst\u00fapil v\u00a0roku 1833 Holl\u00e9ho epos <em><strong>Svatopluk<\/strong> <\/em>s\u00a0historick\u00fdm hrdinsk\u00fdm posolstvom sl\u00e1vy ve\u013ekomoravsk\u00fdch \u010dias. Epos je pripomenut\u00edm \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho slovensk\u00e9ho (ve\u013ekomoravsk\u00e9ho) odboja proti vojensk\u00e9mu n\u00e1tlaku Franskej r\u00ed\u0161e. M\u00f4\u017eeme hovori\u0165 o\u00a0prvom \u201eslovenskom n\u00e1rodnom povstan\u00ed\u201c, ke\u010f pod\u013ea svedectva fransk\u00fdch kron\u00edk \u201eaj \u017eeny zhadzovali palicami nemeck\u00fdch rytierov z\u00a0kon\u00ed\u201c. Slovensk\u00fd n\u00e1rod vystupoval jednotne proti Nemcom, v\u00a0cyrilo-metodskej kres\u0165anskej viere, s\u00a0cie\u013eom ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 \u201eve\u013ek\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva Slov\u00e1kov.\u201c<\/p>\n<h4>BUDIACA SILA EPOSU<\/h4>\n<p>Epos <em>Svatopluk<\/em> mal a\u017e ohromuj\u00faci \u00fa\u010dinok kr\u00e1sou svojho lyrick\u00e9ho jazyka, no najm\u00e4 svoj\u00edm obsahom a\u00a0faktografiou. S\u00e1m Holl\u00fd nieko\u013eko rokov zbieral a\u00a0overoval materi\u00e1l na toto dielo, aby napokon vytvoril hodnovern\u00fa, preb\u00e1snen\u00fa kroniku jedn\u00e9ho obdobia na\u0161ich najstar\u0161\u00edch dej\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p>Spo\u010diatku <em>Svatopluk<\/em> zap\u00f4sobil len v katol\u00edckej inteligencii. Svojou silou historickej presved\u010divosti, b\u00e1snickej kvality a najm\u00e4 posolstvom obrany n\u00e1rodnej nez\u00e1vislosti za\u010dal, napriek tomu, \u017ee bol p\u00edsan\u00fd bernol\u00e1kov\u010dinou, prer\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 do kult\u00farnon\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho c\u00edtenia aj evanjelickej inteligencie. A tu treba h\u013eada\u0165 aj korene bud\u00faceho v\u00fdstupu na Dev\u00edn, ktor\u00fd sa odohral o tri roky nesk\u00f4r. Na\u0161a slovensk\u00e1 evanjelick\u00e1 inteligencia sa v\u00a0\u010dase tridsiatych rokoch 19. storo\u010dia (teda po roku 1830) formovala predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na bratislavskom l\u00fdceu. Tvorila s\u00edce na jazykovom podklade biblickej \u010de\u0161tiny, ale slovensk\u00e9 spolo\u010densk\u00e9 dianie jej nebolo cudzie. Z\u00a0vlastnej iniciat\u00edvy si vytv\u00e1rala vzdelaneck\u00e9 kr\u00fa\u017eky, najm\u00e4 s\u00a0liter\u00e1rnym zameran\u00edm. Medzi popredn\u00fdmi \u010dinite\u013emi bol aj Skali\u010dan Michal Hlav\u00e1\u010dek, ktor\u00fd sa nesk\u00f4r stal poprednou pedagogickou osobnos\u0165ou levo\u010dsk\u00e9ho l\u00fdcea. \u010cinnos\u0165 vy\u00fastila do zalo\u017eenia Spole\u010dnosti \u010desko-slovanskej (1829) s\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm prispen\u00edm pedag\u00f3gov, najm\u00e4 Hlav\u00e1\u010dka.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdznamn\u00fd podiel na \u010dinnosti Spole\u010dnosti, najm\u00e4 politick\u00fd, mal aj \u010fal\u0161\u00ed Skali\u010dan \u2013 Alexander Vrchovsk\u00fd. Toho spom\u00edna aj Hurban v\u00a0\u017divotopise \u013dudov\u00edta \u0160t\u00fara, ke\u010f p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eAj samotn\u00fd \u013dudov\u00edt r\u00e1d sed\u00e1val pri noh\u00e1ch tohto kr\u00e1sneho mlad\u00edka.\u201c Vrchovsk\u00fd zalo\u017eil aj tajn\u00fd spolok Vz\u00e1jomnos\u0165, ktor\u00fd tvorili radik\u00e1lni \u010dlenovia Spole\u010dnosti \u010desko-slovanskej, medzit\u00fdm zak\u00e1zanej rovnako ako v\u0161etky \u0161tudentsk\u00e9 spolky.<\/p>\n<p>Bratislavsk\u00ed \u0161tudenti, p\u00ed\u0161uci biblickou \u010de\u0161tinou si za\u010d\u00ednali uvedomova\u0165, \u017ee \u201ep\u00ed\u0161eme po \u010desky, ale sme Slov\u00e1ci\u201c. Prispel k tomu aj fakt, \u017ee ich \u201e\u010desk\u00e9\u201c pr\u00edspevky do \u010desk\u00fdch \u010dasopisov boli pre vtedy u\u017e \u201emodernizovan\u00fa\u201c \u010de\u0161tinu ter\u010dom posme\u0161kov, najm\u00e4 epigramov K. Havl\u00ed\u010dka-Borovsk\u00e9ho. Boli \u201epribit\u00ed na kr\u00ed\u017e nerozhodnosti\u201c. Bernol\u00e1kov\u010dinu (ako \u201ekatol\u00edcku\u201c) neprij\u00edmali, no v\u00a0ich liter\u00e1rnych pr\u00e1cach, \u010d\u00edtan\u00fdch a\u00a0posudzovan\u00fdch v\u00a0l\u00fdcejnom liter\u00e1rnom kr\u00fa\u017eku, do ich \u010de\u0161tiny \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie prenikali slovakizmy.<br \/>\n<em>(Pokra\u010dovanie nabud\u00face.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Eva Fordin\u00e1lov\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>V tejto, po v\u0161etk\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach zlo\u017eitej dobe, n\u00e1s postoj k udalostiam i hodnot\u00e1m permanentne rozde\u013euje, niekedy na dva, inokedy na mnoho t\u00e1borov. Pr\u00e1ve hodnoty, tie ve\u013ek\u00e9 a z\u00e1sadn\u00e9, by v\u0161ak mali by\u0165 pilierom, o ktor\u00fd <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/odkaz-devina-stale-znie\/\" title=\"Odkaz dev\u00edna st\u00e1le znie I. \u010das\u0165\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":916,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-5205","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-toto-sa-nas-tyka"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5205","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5205"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5205\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5331,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5205\/revisions\/5331"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5205"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}