{"id":5502,"date":"2022-09-07T17:09:35","date_gmt":"2022-09-07T15:09:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/?p=5502"},"modified":"2025-01-31T00:20:32","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T23:20:32","slug":"ferdinand-dubravsky-o-zidovskej-obci-v-skalici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/ferdinand-dubravsky-o-zidovskej-obci-v-skalici\/","title":{"rendered":"Ferdinand D\u00fabravsk\u00fd o \u017eidovskej obci v Skalici"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>Ferdinand D\u00fabravsk\u00fd (8. septembra 1850 Borsk\u00fd Jur \u2013 19. j\u00fana 1926 Modra) bol spisovate\u013e, redaktor, u\u010dite\u013e, prispieval takmer do v\u0161etk\u00fdch slovensk\u00fdch a viacer\u00fdch moravsk\u00fdch nov\u00edn, \u010dasopisov a kalend\u00e1rov, kni\u017ene vydal vy\u0161e 40 titulov. \u0160tudoval na gymn\u00e1zi\u00e1ch v Str\u00e1\u017enici a Skalici. P\u00f4sobil ako not\u00e1rsky pis\u00e1r, v\u00fdpomocn\u00fd u\u010dite\u013e a redaktor v Skalici (redigoval Str\u00e1\u017e na Sione, \u013dudov\u00e9 noviny), v rokoch prvej svetovej vojny \u017eil na Morave a inde, roku 1918 sa vr\u00e1til do Skalice, kde \u00fa\u010dinkoval ako administr\u00e1tor a redaktor \u010dasopisov Sloboda a Obzor, od 1924 \u017eil v Modre.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Okrem in\u00fdch diel vydal publik\u00e1ciu Uhorsk\u00e1 Skalica, kde sa v\u00a0\u00f4smej kapitole venuje synag\u00f3ge a\u00a0\u017eidovskej obci. Kapitolu, zverejnen\u00fa v\u00a0Zlatom fonde SME, pretl\u00e1\u010dame v\u00a0plnom znen\u00ed ako svedectvo z\u00a0minulosti.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5504\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/subor_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/subor_1.jpg 300w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/subor_1-179x300.jpg 179w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>8. Synag\u00f3ga a\u00a0\u017eidovsk\u00e1 obec<\/strong><br \/>\n\u017didovsk\u00e1 obec bola v\u00a0Skalici v\u00a0rokoch 1750 \u2014a\u017e 1760 sriaden\u00e1. Neni t\u00fdm ov\u0161em povedano, \u017ee tu predt\u00fdm \u017eidov nebolo; boli u\u017e v\u00a0stredoveku tu jednotlivci, av\u0161ak bolo ich prim\u00e1lo na sriadenie obce. Ba aj potom, ke\u010f ich pri\u0161lo viacej, mohli len n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa obec sriadi\u0165 a\u00a0nie samostatn\u00fa autonomn\u00fa obec v\u00a0obci, ako na pr\u00edklad v\u00a0B\u0159eclav\u011b, Podiv\u00edne, Str\u00e1\u017enici a\u00a0v\u00a0in\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch, kde boli shroma\u017eden\u00ed v\u00a0tak zvan\u00fdch \u017eidovsk\u00fdch \u0161tvrtiach. V\u00a0Skalici nemali svojej \u0161tvrte a\u00a0b\u00fdvali roztrateno po meste.<\/p>\n<p>V Nitrianskej \u017eupe bola skalick\u00e1 \u017eidovsk\u00e1 obec prvou \u201ekongressovskou obcou\u201c, a takovou aj zostala. Ke\u010f svoju n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa obec sriadili, na prosbu pridelilo im mesto v tom \u010dase, ke\u010f cintor\u00edny pri Sv. Jure, za farsk\u00fdm kostolom a na Tr\u00e1vnikoch boly zru\u0161en\u00e9 a za kalv\u00e1riou nov\u00e9 zbudovan\u00e9 (1760), tie\u017e osobitn\u00fd cintor\u00edn za mestskou z\u010fou pod hradbami a prik\u00e1zalo im miesto ku stavbe synag\u00f3gy v hospod\u00e1rskej ulici pri hradb\u00e1ch na priekope tam, kde vo\u013eakedy kon\u010dilo hradisko. Cintor\u00edn bol pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd asi 150 rokov, \u017ee ale aj predt\u00fdm \u017eidia v\u00a0Skalici pochov\u00e1van\u00ed boli, dosved\u010duje jeden u\u017e 300 rokov star\u00fd n\u00e1hrobn\u00fd kame\u0148, ktor\u00fd bol na tento cintor\u00edn prenesen\u00fd a\u00a0stoj\u00ed podnes pri ohrade. Kde boli pred zalo\u017een\u00edm tohoto cintora pochov\u00e1van\u00ed, odkia\u013e ten kame\u0148 bol prenesen\u00fd, neni teraz zn\u00e1mo, bo \u017eiadne z\u00e1pisky o\u00a0tom neni s\u00fa, ale pravdepodobn\u00fdm je, \u017ee mali vyhraden\u00fa \u010d\u00e1s\u0165 cintora za mestom \u201ena Tr\u00e1vnikoch\u201c.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5505\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5505\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5505\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/2224222_1200x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/2224222_1200x800.jpg 840w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/2224222_1200x800-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/2224222_1200x800-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5505\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Skalick\u00fd \u017eidovsk\u00fd cintor\u00edn v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ke\u010f sa katol\u00edcky a evanjelick\u00fd cintor\u00edn zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161oval a opravoval, bolo \u017eidom pouk\u00e1zan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 miesto vzadu za \u201echolerick\u00fdm\u201c cintorom (pohrabiskom, kde po\u010das moru a ve\u013ekej cholere ob\u010dania hromadne pochov\u00e1van\u00ed boli) a cintor\u00edn pod z\u010fou zostal opusten\u00fd. Synag\u00f3ga bola \u00fadajne v\u00a0r. 1760 vystaven\u00e1. Je to len jednoduch\u00e1 modliteb\u0148a, bez vonkaj\u0161\u00edch okras a\u00a0pri nej byt pre k\u00e1ntora a\u00a0o\u0161etrovate\u013ea synag\u00f3gy.<\/p>\n<p>O nieko\u013eko rokov po zalo\u017een\u00ed cirkevnej obce bol tie\u017e sriaden\u00fd spolok \u201eChevra Kadisha\u201c, ktor\u00fd bol pozdej\u0161ie do zak\u00fapen\u00e9ho Ehrensteinsk\u00e9ho domu, vzadu za mestsk\u00fdm domom, prelo\u017een\u00fd a bol v \u0148om zariaden\u00fd aj byt pre rab\u00edna. Je to poschodov\u00fd dom a jedin\u00fd v meste, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 vo\u013en\u00fd priejazd z Radni\u010dnej ulice a Mal\u00e9ho rynku (Paul\u00ednyi-T\u00f3thov\u00e1 ul. a N\u00e1mestie Hurbana Vajansk\u00e9ho) do Jatkovej ulice. V tomto dome je tie\u017e sriaden\u00e1 mal\u00e1 modliteb\u0148a, v ktorej sa vo v\u0161edn\u00e9 dni \u017eidia ku modlitb\u00e1m sch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, kde\u017eto v synag\u00f3ge len v sobotu a sviatky bohoslu\u017eby sa vybavuj\u00fa. Na tomto dome do prevratu bola umiesten\u00e1 mramorov\u00e1 tabula s\u00a0ozna\u010den\u00edm spolku \u201eChevra Kadisha\u201c, ponev\u00e1\u010d ale bola obava poru\u0161enia pouli\u010dnej ch\u00e1try, aby kr\u00e1sna deska nebola azdaj rozbit\u00e1 alebo po\u0161pinen\u00e1, bola dolu vzat\u00e1 a\u00a0v\u00a0dome uschovan\u00e1.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5506\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5506\" style=\"width: 780px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5506\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Skalica-jun-2007.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"780\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Skalica-jun-2007.jpg 780w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Skalica-jun-2007-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Skalica-jun-2007-768x575.jpg 768w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Skalica-jun-2007-678x509.jpg 678w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Skalica-jun-2007-326x245.jpg 326w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Skalica-jun-2007-80x60.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5506\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Skalica, j\u00fan 2007<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Pamiatky z predo\u0161l\u00fdch \u010dasov \u017eivota tunaj\u0161\u00edch \u017eidov sa nezachovaly, iba sn\u00e1\u010f po domoch rod\u00edn. Ponev\u00e1\u010d ale v posledn\u00fdch \u010dasoch mnoho \u017eidovsk\u00fdch staro\u017eitn\u00fdch rod\u00edn sa odtia\u013eto vys\u0165ahovalo, tie\u017e i rodinn\u00e9 pamiatky boly odnesen\u00e9 a \u010do zostalo, opatruj\u00fa si rodiny samy. E\u0161te pred 50 rokmi mali \u017eidia takmer v\u0161etky obchody vo svojich ruk\u00e1ch a bohatli. Ku koncu minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia nastal obrat a teraz je skoro cel\u00fd obchod a\u017e na 4-5 v ruk\u00e1ch kres\u0165ansk\u00fdch. Z rodin \u017eidovsk\u00fdch minulej doby treba pripomen\u00fa\u0165 rodinu Sonnenfeldov, ktor\u00e1 sa a\u017e na jednoho syna dala pokrsti\u0165 a prijala meno \u201eMezei\u201c. Z tejto rodiny stal sa jeden \u010dlen skalick\u00fdm prepo\u0161tom-far\u00e1rom, bol i dlhoro\u010dn\u00fdm krajinsk\u00fdm poslancom, nechal farsk\u00fd kostol renovova\u0165, zalo\u017eil niektor\u00e9 kres\u0165ansk\u00e9 spolky a zak\u00fapil mnoh\u00e9 ozdoby pre farsk\u00fd kostol. Cel\u00e1 t\u00e1to rodina zanechala po sobe v\u00a0Skalici priazniv\u00fa pamiatku; teraz tu ov\u0161em neni u\u017e \u017eiadny z\u00a0nej.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5507\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5507\" style=\"width: 812px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5507\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SVK_GMB.C_15448.600w.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"812\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SVK_GMB.C_15448.600w.jpg 812w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SVK_GMB.C_15448.600w-300x201.jpg 300w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SVK_GMB.C_15448.600w-768x515.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5507\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Poh\u013ead na \u017eidovsk\u00fd cintor\u00edn (v\u013eavo), Skalica, po\u010diatok 20. stor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Mala Skalica aj in\u00e9 \u017eidovsk\u00e9 rody, ktor\u00e9 by mohli sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 i kres\u0165anom za vzor. Nemenujem teraj\u0161\u00edch potomkov t\u00fdch rod\u00edn, len men\u00e1 spomeniem t\u00fdch star\u00fdch, u\u017e d\u00e1vno pochovan\u00fdch, alebo vys\u0165ahovan\u00fdch. Rodiny Ehren\u0161teinov, \u0160pitzerov (Jo\u017eka), N\u00e1tzlerov, Tel\u00e1tkov (Timf\u00f6ld), Elsnerov, Wermanov, \u0160efr\u00e1nkov, at\u010f. po\u010d\u00edtaly vo svojom stredu mnoh\u00fdch \u010deln\u00fdch \u00fadov, ktor\u00fdch dobro\u010dinnosti, obchodov\u00e1 spravedlnos\u0165, mravn\u00e1 ne\u00fahonnos\u0165, zanechaly svojim potomkom dobr\u00e9 meno.<\/p>\n<p><em>Spracoval Stano Bellan<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Ferdinand D\u00fabravsk\u00fd (8. septembra 1850 Borsk\u00fd Jur \u2013 19. j\u00fana 1926 Modra) bol spisovate\u013e, redaktor, u\u010dite\u013e, prispieval takmer do v\u0161etk\u00fdch slovensk\u00fdch a viacer\u00fdch moravsk\u00fdch nov\u00edn, \u010dasopisov a kalend\u00e1rov, kni\u017ene vydal vy\u0161e 40 titulov. \u0160tudoval na <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/ferdinand-dubravsky-o-zidovskej-obci-v-skalici\/\" title=\"Ferdinand D\u00fabravsk\u00fd o \u017eidovskej obci v Skalici\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":5503,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-5502","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-toto-sa-nas-tyka"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5502"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5508,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5502\/revisions\/5508"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}