{"id":5590,"date":"2022-10-15T20:05:09","date_gmt":"2022-10-15T18:05:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/?p=5590"},"modified":"2025-01-31T00:22:09","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T23:22:09","slug":"skalicke-ulice-podhradie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/skalicke-ulice-podhradie\/","title":{"rendered":"Skalick\u00e9 ulice &#8211; Podhradie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e1zov ulice Podhradie (v\u00a0minulosti Podhradisstkem, \u010di jednoducho Na Hradissczku) mo\u017eno odvodi\u0165 od dvoch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch znakov \u2013 archeologicky podlo\u017een\u00e9ho hradu (hradiska) a\u00a0od mestsk\u00fdch hradieb. Trad\u00edcia situuje skalick\u00fd hrad na miesto teraj\u0161ej kalv\u00e1rie. Datuje sa do 12. a\u017e 13. storo\u010dia, ne\u0161lo o\u00a0zemn\u00fd hrad \u2013 hradisko, ale o\u00a0\u00fatvar opevnen\u00fd pravdepodobne kamennou hradbou a\u00a0priekopou. Pre vyv\u00fd\u0161eninu pri severoz\u00e1padnom kr\u00eddle mestsk\u00fdch hradieb sa dlho zachovalo kontinu\u00e1lne ozna\u010denie hradisko, n\u00e1zov Podhradie sa pou\u017e\u00edva dodnes pre severoz\u00e1padn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 mesta.<\/p>\n<p>Pokia\u013e ide o\u00a0hradby, Skalica patr\u00ed dodnes u\u017e k\u00a0nepatrn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu miest na Slovensku, ktor\u00e9 si dosia\u013e zachovali aspo\u0148 zvy\u0161ky svojich starobyl\u00fdch hradieb, ako hodnovern\u00fdch svedkov svojej sl\u00e1vnej a\u00a0\u010dasto pohnutej hist\u00f3rie. Za ich vybudovanie v\u010fa\u010d\u00ed uhorsko-po\u013esk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1\u013eovi \u013dudov\u00edtovi I. Ve\u013ek\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd v\u00a0roku 1372 udelil p\u00f4vodnej osade privil\u00e9gi\u00e1 slobodn\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9ho mesta (v\u00a0tomto roku oslavuj\u00fa Skali\u010dania 650. v\u00fdro\u010die), vr\u00e1tane ich najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ej s\u00fa\u010dasti \u2013 hradieb. Skalica t\u00fdm dostala pr\u00e1vo opevni\u0165 sa tak mohutn\u00fdmi hradbami, \u017ee sa na ich horn\u00fdch i\u00a0doln\u00fdch ba\u0161t\u00e1ch mohol obr\u00e1ti\u0165 volsk\u00fd z\u00e1prah. Stavba hradieb vymedzila mestsk\u00e9 jadro gotickej Skalice, ako pretiahnut\u00fd nepravideln\u00fd \u0161tvoruholn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd roz\u0161\u00edril rozsah p\u00f4vodnej starej slobodnej trhovej osady a\u00a0poru\u0161il jej prirodzen\u00e9 hranice, vytvoren\u00e9 na severoz\u00e1pade Stra\u010dinsk\u00fdm potokom a\u00a0na severov\u00fdchode Zlatn\u00edckym potokom. Smerom na Moravu viedla Str\u00e1\u017enick\u00e1 br\u00e1na, postaven\u00e1 na starej radi\u00e1lnej ceste id\u00facej z\u00a0n\u00e1mestia k\u00a0hradb\u00e1m, od Hol\u00ed\u010da zase viedla nov\u00e1 cesta cez Uhorsk\u00fa br\u00e1nu, ktor\u00e1 bola vybudovan\u00e1 po roku 1435 z\u00a0charakteristick\u00fdch bosovan\u00fdch kv\u00e1drov. St\u00e1la pri ju\u017enom okraji n\u00e1vr\u0161ia Hradiska, na ktorom st\u00e1val rom\u00e1nsky hrad, ktor\u00fd stratil u\u017e v\u00a0tej dobe svoj niekdaj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f sa v\u00fdstavbou severnej \u010dasti hradobn\u00e9ho m\u00faru dostala Rotunda sv. Juraja na \u00fazemie mesta, sp\u013a\u0148ala funkciu str\u00e1\u017enej a\u00a0obrannej ve\u017ee. Preto pri\u0161lo v\u00a015. storo\u010d\u00ed k\u00a0jej rozsiahlej \u00faprave. Centr\u00e1lnu valcov\u00fa \u010das\u0165 nadstavili do zna\u010dnej v\u00fd\u0161ky a\u00a0v\u00a0hornej \u010dasti ju prepojili port\u00e1lom k\u00a0hradobn\u00fdm m\u00farom. Obidve br\u00e1ny mali vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 a\u00a0vonkaj\u0161ie obl\u00faky. Vn\u00fatorn\u00e9, rovnako star\u00e9 ako hradby, si zachovali svoj p\u00f4vodn\u00fd gotick\u00fd r\u00e1z i\u00a0po neskor\u0161\u00edch vojnov\u00fdch pohrom\u00e1ch, zatia\u013e \u010do vonkaj\u0161ie obl\u00faky dostali nov\u00fd, renesan\u010dn\u00fd charakter. Boli na nich vytesan\u00e9 letopo\u010dty: 1632 na Uhorskej br\u00e1ne a\u00a01670 na Str\u00e1\u017enickej br\u00e1ne.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5592\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5592\" style=\"width: 808px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5592\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/4-86b5aee059e90cd4fac773d08bbace2e66679b5c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"808\" height=\"606\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/4-86b5aee059e90cd4fac773d08bbace2e66679b5c.jpg 808w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/4-86b5aee059e90cd4fac773d08bbace2e66679b5c-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/4-86b5aee059e90cd4fac773d08bbace2e66679b5c-768x576.jpg 768w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/4-86b5aee059e90cd4fac773d08bbace2e66679b5c-678x509.jpg 678w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/4-86b5aee059e90cd4fac773d08bbace2e66679b5c-326x245.jpg 326w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/4-86b5aee059e90cd4fac773d08bbace2e66679b5c-80x60.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 808px) 100vw, 808px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5592\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pam\u00e4tn\u00edk obetiam 1. sv. vojny<br \/>Zdroj: TASR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Pri Str\u00e1\u017enickej, \u010di\u017ee Hornej br\u00e1ne a\u00a0tie\u017e pri Uhorskej, \u010di\u017ee Hol\u00ed\u010dskej alebo Dolnej br\u00e1ne st\u00e1vali cel\u00fd de\u0148 a\u00a0cel\u00fa noc dr\u00e1bi \u2013 hajd\u00fasi, ktor\u00ed dost\u00e1vali napr\u00edklad v\u00a0roku 1632 za svoju slu\u017ebu mesa\u010dne dva flor\u00e9ny \u2013 zla\u0165\u00e1ky, a\u00a0m\u00fdtnici, ktor\u00fdm mesto taktie\u017e vypl\u00e1calo dva flor\u00e9ny za mesiac. Okrem br\u00e1n boli v\u00a0hradn\u00fdch m\u00faroch dve fortne \u2013 br\u00e1nky. Nad br\u00e1nkou ku Kalv\u00e1rii bola Zelen\u00e1 ve\u017ea, od ktorej hradby vybo\u010dovali z\u00a0priamej l\u00ednie a\u00a0boli chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 vysunut\u00fdm \u201epremosten\u00edm\u201c na najvy\u0161\u0161om vrcholku Kalv\u00e1rie, obk\u013e\u00fa\u010denej priekopou. Druh\u00e1 br\u00e1nka bola pri predmestskej ba\u0161te, ktor\u00fa zr\u00facali a\u017e v\u00a0roku 1923. St\u00e1l pred \u0148ou mlyn postaven\u00fd nad vstupom potoka do mesta. Pri v\u00fdtoku potoka z\u00a0mesta mu konkuroval druh\u00fd mlyn.<\/p>\n<p>Hradby sa podrobili prvej za\u0165a\u017ek\u00e1vacej sk\u00fa\u0161ke za\u010diatkom febru\u00e1ra 1428, ke\u010f sa Skalica dostala na dobu jeden\u00e1stich dn\u00ed do r\u00fak spojen\u00fdch vojsk sirotkov, Pra\u017eanov a\u00a0t\u00e1boritov. O\u00a0\u0161tyri roky neskor\u0161ie si spojen\u00e9 husitsk\u00e9 vojsk\u00e1 vybudovali v\u00a0Skalici mocn\u00fa pos\u00e1dku s\u00a0vozovou hradbou. V\u00a0prvej polovici 15. storo\u010dia bola Skalica br\u00e1nou, ktorou vstupovali husitsk\u00e9 vojsk\u00e1 na Slovensko. Preto bola \u0161tyri razy tak spusto\u0161en\u00e1, \u017ee le\u017eala takmer \u00faplne v\u00a0rumoch.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdznamn\u00fa renesanciu pre\u017eili skalick\u00e9 mestsk\u00e9 hradby za vl\u00e1dy ve\u013ek\u00e9ho priaznivca a\u00a0zve\u013ea\u010fovate\u013ea Skalice, kr\u00e1\u013ea Mateja Korv\u00edna, ktor\u00fd sa postaral o\u00a0ich spevnenie a\u00a0vydal pr\u00edsne nariadenie o\u00a0ich vzornom udr\u017eovan\u00ed me\u0161\u0165anmi. Za jeho vl\u00e1dy boli ich honosn\u00e9 br\u00e1ny \u017eiv\u00fdmi svedkami n\u00e1dhern\u00fdch kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch sprievodov, ke\u010f sa vracal cez Skalicu od svojho tes\u0165a Juraja Pod\u011bbradsk\u00e9ho a\u00a0ke\u010f obidvaja panovn\u00edci pova\u017eovali Skalicu za ak\u00e9si neutr\u00e1lne \u00fazemie, na ktorom viedli rokovania, odkia\u013e si vymie\u0148ali diplomatick\u00e9 n\u00f3ty a\u00a0kde prij\u00edmali kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9 posolstv\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5593\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/skalica.oma_.sk-u-podhradie_.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"808\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/skalica.oma_.sk-u-podhradie_.jpg 808w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/skalica.oma_.sk-u-podhradie_-300x157.jpg 300w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/skalica.oma_.sk-u-podhradie_-768x402.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 808px) 100vw, 808px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Nesk\u00f4r sa stala Skalica miestom z\u00fariv\u00fdch bojov kurucov (uhorsk\u00fdch povstalcov) a labancov (cis\u00e1rskych vojsk). Na z\u00e1klade vlastnoru\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u00edpisu cis\u00e1ra Leopolda I., v \u00fasil\u00ed zastra\u0161i\u0165 vojsk\u00e1 sedmohradsk\u00e9ho knie\u017ea\u0165a Franti\u0161ka R\u00e1k\u00f3cziho II., ktor\u00fd sa roku 1704 zmocnil cel\u00e9ho Slovenska, dostali vojaci rozkaz hradby zb\u00fara\u0165. Demola\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce viedol podplukovn\u00edk Gauvion, ktor\u00e9ho vojaci 15. j\u00fana 1704 don\u00fatili skalick\u00fdch me\u0161\u0165anov, aby vlastn\u00fdmi rukami dov\u00e1\u017eali sudy pu\u0161n\u00e9ho prachu a vyhadzovali do vzduchu mocn\u00e9 m\u00fary. Tak padli za obe\u0165 rabuj\u00faceho rak\u00faskeho vojska kedysi k nebu hrdo sa ve\u017eiace skalick\u00e9 hradby od Uhorskej \u2013 Hol\u00ed\u010dskej br\u00e1ny a\u017e po kl\u00e1\u0161tor franti\u0161k\u00e1nov, kde sa podarilo prosb\u00e1m ich guardi\u00e1na \u2013 predstaven\u00e9ho zastavi\u0165 \u00fapln\u00fa katastrofu skalick\u00e9ho opevnenia.<\/p>\n<p>Rokom 1704 zapadla vojensk\u00e1 sl\u00e1va Skalice, ktor\u00e1 prestala by\u0165 strategicky v\u00fdznamnou pevnos\u0165ou po likvid\u00e1cii protihabsbursk\u00fdch povstan\u00ed. Jej hradby ostali s\u00edce st\u00e1\u0165 takmer cez cel\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie storo\u010die a\u00a0vstup do nej bol mo\u017en\u00fd len cez br\u00e1ny, ale to malo v\u00fdznam iba na vyberanie m\u00fdta, nie na obranu. Zub \u010dasu ich postupne ne\u00faprosne rozhlod\u00e1val a\u00a0me\u0161\u0165ania ich za\u010dali svojvo\u013ene rozobera\u0165 a\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 z\u00a0nich tesan\u00e9 kv\u00e1dre na stavby a\u00a0\u00fapravy svojich domov. Hradbov\u00e9 a\u00a0parkanov\u00e9 m\u00fary vyu\u017e\u00edvali na s\u00fakromn\u00e9 pr\u00edstavby. Napokon padla, e\u0161te pred prvou svetovou vojnou, posledn\u00e1 star\u00e1 ba\u0161ta pri Hornej fortni, smerom na Predmestie, a\u00a0do zabudnutia zapadli aj n\u00e1zvy ozna\u010duj\u00face jej bl\u00edzke miesta, Za ba\u0161tou, Pri ba\u0161te.<\/p>\n<p>A\u017e koncom 20. storo\u010dia a\u00a0za\u010diatkom tretieho mil\u00e9nia sa prist\u00fapilo k\u00a0renov\u00e1cii zvy\u0161kov hradieb s\u00a0cie\u013eom preh\u013abi\u0165 zdrav\u00fa n\u00e1rodn\u00fa hrdos\u0165 a\u00a0\u00factu Skali\u010danov k\u00a0n\u00e1\u0161mu kult\u00farnemu dedi\u010dstvu.<\/p>\n<p><em>Pavol Dinka<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>N\u00e1zov ulice Podhradie (v\u00a0minulosti Podhradisstkem, \u010di jednoducho Na Hradissczku) mo\u017eno odvodi\u0165 od dvoch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch znakov \u2013 archeologicky podlo\u017een\u00e9ho hradu (hradiska) a\u00a0od mestsk\u00fdch hradieb. Trad\u00edcia situuje skalick\u00fd hrad na miesto teraj\u0161ej kalv\u00e1rie. Datuje sa do 12. <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/skalicke-ulice-podhradie\/\" title=\"Skalick\u00e9 ulice &#8211; Podhradie\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":5591,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-5590","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-skalicke-ulice"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5590"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5594,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5590\/revisions\/5594"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}