{"id":724,"date":"2018-05-14T11:58:29","date_gmt":"2018-05-14T09:58:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/?p=724"},"modified":"2018-09-13T13:13:43","modified_gmt":"2018-09-13T11:13:43","slug":"detom-iba-to-najlepsie-2-cast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/detom-iba-to-najlepsie-2-cast\/","title":{"rendered":"De\u0165om iba to najlep\u0161ie? (2. \u010das\u0165)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/detom-iba-to-najlepsie-1-cast\/\">V\u00a0 prvej \u010dasti seri\u00e1lu<\/a> o\u00a0 formovan\u00ed detskej psychiky sme sa zaoberali vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi vplyvmi na die\u0165a a\u00a0 na jeho prv\u00e9 stret\u00e1vanie sa so svetom, na ktor\u00fd si m\u00f4\u017ee siahnu\u0165. Pripomenieme d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 rozv\u00edjania motoriky r\u00fak pomocou sklada\u010diek, \u010di stavebn\u00edc. Rovnako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je vn\u00edmanie predmetov a\u00a0 vonkaj\u0161\u00edch javov. To v\u0161etko s\u00favis\u00ed s\u00a0ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou detskej (i\u00a0na\u0161ej) psychiky, a\u00a0to s\u00a0pozornos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h3>POZOR NA POZORNOS\u0164<\/h3>\n<p>O\u00a0pam\u00e4ti \u010dloveka rozhoduje to, \u010di si dok\u00e1\u017ee \u017eiad\u00faci podnet v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165, zamera\u0165 a\u00a0 udr\u017ea\u0165 na \u0148om pozornos\u0165. Na \u010do sa nes\u00fastred\u00ed, to sa nenau\u010d\u00ed. Probl\u00e9mom nevhodn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, a\u00a0to nielen u\u00a0mal\u00fdch det\u00ed, je rozpty\u013eovanie pozornosti.<\/p>\n<p>Nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m potrebuje ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das na to, aby si \u017eiadan\u00fd obsah ulo\u017eil. Ak m\u00e1me pozornos\u0165 zameran\u00fa viacer\u00fdmi smermi alebo sa podnety r\u00fdchlo striedaj\u00fa (\u010do sa \u010dasto deje na obrazovk\u00e1ch a\u00a0 monitoroch), nezost\u00e1va dos\u0165 \u010dasu na ulo\u017eenie jednotliv\u00fdch podnetov do pam\u00e4te, pr\u00edpadne zapam\u00e4tan\u00e9 r\u00fdchlo z\u00a0hlavy vyprch\u00e1. Die\u0165a sa nejak\u00fa \u00falohu aj u\u010d\u00ed, a\u00a0nevie ju.<\/p>\n<p>Ne\u017e sa die\u0165a nau\u010d\u00ed pozn\u00e1va\u0165 re\u00e1lny, skuto\u010dn\u00fd svet a\u00a0odli\u0161ova\u0165 ho od fant\u00e1zie, dov\u0155\u0161i p\u00e4\u0165 rokov. V\u00a0trojrozmern\u00fdch vide\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017eu aj podstatne star\u0161ie deti str\u00e1ca\u0165 hranicu medzi t\u00fdm, \u010do je konkr\u00e9tne a\u00a0 \u010do predstavivos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-691\" src=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Obzor_5_web-008.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"359\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Obzor_5_web-008.jpg 359w, http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Obzor_5_web-008-300x274.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov by die\u0165a do troch rokov nemalo ma\u0165 mobil ani v\u00a0ruke. Mnoh\u00fdm dospel\u00fdm, najm\u00e4 mlad\u00fdm rodi\u010dom sa to zd\u00e1 pr\u00edli\u0161 stroh\u00e9, mo\u017eno starom\u00f3dne. Len\u017ee r\u00fdchle zmeny na obrazovke ve\u013emi za\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa krehk\u00fa nervov\u00fa s\u00fastavu die\u0165a\u0165a.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00fa pr\u00edpady, \u017ee mal\u00e9 die\u0165a pri dlh\u0161om \u201e\u0165ukan\u00ed\u201c do obrazovky upad\u00e1 do hypnotick\u00e9ho stavu, \u010do si rodi\u010d nemus\u00ed v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165, pr\u00edpadne si to zamen\u00ed s\u00a0t\u00fdm, \u017ee die\u0165a\u0165u sa chce spa\u0165.<\/p>\n<h3>OPAKOVANIE \u2013 MATKA Z\u00c1VISLOSTI<\/h3>\n<p>Nezab\u00fadajme, \u017ee v\u0161etko, \u010do je pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017eliv\u00e9 a\u00a0\u010dasto sa opakuje, m\u00e1 \u0161ancu sta\u0165 sa drogou. Ove\u013ea r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako u\u00a0dospel\u00fdch sa m\u00f4\u017ee u\u00a0det\u00ed rozvin\u00fa\u0165 z\u00e1vislos\u0165 na hran\u00ed, aj ke\u010f zatia\u013e e\u0161te nejde o\u00a0 peniaze. Z\u00e1vislos\u0165 na technol\u00f3gi\u00e1ch m\u00e1 tie ist\u00e9 krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 ako z\u00e1vislos\u0165 na alkohole, automatoch, \u010di in\u00fdch drog\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Lie\u010dba z\u00e1vislost\u00ed je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 aj u\u00a0dospel\u00fdch os\u00f4b, o\u00a0to probl\u00e9movej\u0161ia u\u00a0det\u00ed! Jedn\u00fdm zo znakov rozv\u00edjaj\u00facej sa z\u00e1vislosti die\u0165a\u0165a, ktor\u00fa si m\u00f4\u017eu v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165 aj rodi\u010dia a\u00a0u\u010ditelia, je podr\u00e1\u017eden\u00e9, nerv\u00f3zne die\u0165a, ak nem\u00e1 mobil, \u010di tablet.<\/p>\n<p>Nie je s\u00a0n\u00edm re\u010d, nesleduje u\u010divo, ani \u010do mu kto hovor\u00ed a\u00a0m\u00e1 zmeny n\u00e1lad.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1no, aj do matersk\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l sa zav\u00e1dzaj\u00fa digit\u00e1lne technol\u00f3gie a\u00a0 deti sa u\u010dia formou hier pracova\u0165 na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. Ide v\u0161ak o\u00a0 \u0161peci\u00e1lne hry, vypracovan\u00e9 pre vyu\u010dovanie det\u00ed v\u00a0 pred\u0161kolskej v\u00fdchove.<\/p>\n<p>Deti s\u00fa pri po\u010d\u00edta\u010di pod doh\u013eadom pedag\u00f3gov a\u00a0 iba v\u00a0 ohrani\u010denom \u010dase. Nezamie\u0148ajme si t\u00fato \u010dinnos\u0165 s\u00a0 hran\u00edm sa die\u0165a\u0165a s\u00a0 tabletom\/smartf\u00f3nom vtedy, kedy sa mu za\u017eiada a\u00a0tak dlho, pok\u00fdm sa neunav\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Neraz vid\u00edm, \u017ee mlad\u00e9 mami\u010dky daj\u00fa die\u0165a\u0165u tablet\/ smartf\u00f3n, ke\u010f chc\u00fa ma\u0165 \u010das pre seba, ale \u010dasov\u00fa hranicu nesleduj\u00fa. Toto je ve\u013emi chybn\u00fd pr\u00edstup, preto\u017ee v\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch je mno\u017estvo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre deti nielen nevhodn\u00e9, ale priamo \u0161kodliv\u00e9 (agres\u00edvne n\u00e1mety, sexualita, komer\u010dn\u00fd tlak na u\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea, \u010domu die\u0165a nerozumie a\u00a0 \u201eod\u0165ukne\u201c nie\u010do, \u010do je potom n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u0161i\u0165).<\/p>\n<p>Die\u0165a sa tie\u017e m\u00f4\u017ee naviaza\u0165 na niekoho, kto ho bude \u0161ikanova\u0165 alebo n\u00fati\u0165 do ohrozuj\u00facich \u010dinnost\u00ed a\u00a0 je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 v\u00a0 anonymite zisti\u0165, kto to je. Anonymn\u00fd p\u00e1chate\u013e m\u00f4\u017ee zneu\u017ei\u0165 d\u00e1ta die\u0165a\u0165a, pr\u00edpadne aj pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 die\u0165a z\u00a0naivity prezrad\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>LEP\u0160IE PREDCH\u00c1DZA\u0164 AKO RIE\u0160I\u0164<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je dodr\u017ea\u0165 \u010dasov\u00fa hranicu hrania sa na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. Je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na veku die\u0165a\u0165a. N\u00e1zory na \u010dasov\u00fd limit nie s\u00fa jednotn\u00e9, av\u0161ak v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina odborn\u00edkov sa zhoduje v\u00a0 tom, \u017ee bez oh\u013eadu na typ po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej aplik\u00e1cie u\u00a0trojro\u010dn\u00fdch det\u00ed by nemal prekro\u010di\u0165 desa\u0165, maxim\u00e1lne dvadsa\u0165 min\u00fat, u\u00a0det\u00ed vo veku osem rokov sa postupne \u010das zvy\u0161uje do \u0161tyridsa\u0165 min\u00fat (vi\u010f v\u00fdskum UNESCO, Prof. RNDr. I. Kala\u0161, PhD.).<\/p>\n<p>Hovor\u00ed sa o\u00a0 digit\u00e1lnej priepasti, \u010d\u00edm sa mysl\u00ed fakt, \u017ee r\u00f4zne skupiny \u013eud\u00ed maj\u00fa r\u00f4zny preh\u013ead a\u00a0zru\u010dnos\u0165 v\u00a0poznan\u00ed t\u00fdchto technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. V\u0161eobecne m\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee dne\u0161n\u00e9 deti s\u00fa v\u00a0orientovan\u00ed sa na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di zbehlej \u0161ie, ne\u017e ich rodi\u010dia. Je to v\u00fdzva pre mlad\u00fdch rodi\u010dov, aby sa o\u00a0dan\u00fa problematiku zauj\u00edmali. Pre svoje deti m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 v\u010das poradcami, ale aj kontrol\u00f3rmi toho, \u010d\u00edm deti \u017eij\u00fa a\u00a0uchr\u00e1ni ich pred pr\u00edpadn\u00fdmi ohrozeniami. Lep\u0161ie je zlu pred\u00eds\u0165, ne\u017e ho potom rie\u0161i\u0165. Problematika pou\u017e\u00edvania informa\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed de\u0165mi a\u00a0mladistv\u00fdmi je rozsiahla a\u00a0zlo\u017eit\u00e1. Na bud\u00face si prinesieme \u010fal\u0161ie poh\u013eady na ich pou\u017e\u00edvanie de\u0165mi.<\/p>\n<p><em>Elena Spev\u00e1kov\u00e1, klinick\u00fd psychol\u00f3g<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANKETOV\u00c9 OT\u00c1ZKY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. V\u00a0akom veku by pod\u013ea V\u00e1s malo die\u0165a dosta\u0165 vlastn\u00fd mobil?<\/p>\n<p>2. Ko\u013eko \u010dasu tr\u00e1via Va\u0161e deti pri videohr\u00e1ch na mobile, tablete, po\u010d\u00edta\u010di \u010di playstatione?<\/p>\n<p>3. Pozorujete na de\u0165och v\u00a0okol\u00ed zmeny spr\u00e1vania, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ovplyvnen\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm elektronickej komunik\u00e1cie?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u017dena, V\u0160, marketingov\u00e1 mana\u017e\u00e9rka<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Desa\u0165 rokov.<br \/>\n2. Dve hodiny denne.<br \/>\n3. \u00c1no.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u017dena, V\u0160, ved\u00faca<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Na z\u00e1kladnej \u0161kole, okolo \u00f4smeho roku.<br \/>\n2. M\u00e1m mal\u00e9, trojro\u010dn\u00e9 die\u0165a, e\u0161te netr\u00e1vi takto vo\u013en\u00fd \u010das.<br \/>\n3. Zmeny nepozorujem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u017dena, V\u0160, podnikate\u013eka<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Od \u00f4smich rokov, mobil na kredit.<br \/>\n2. Netu\u0161\u00edm, s\u00fa samostatn\u00e9.<br \/>\n3. Vid\u00edm zmeny. Bola som na v\u00edkendovom pobyte, zameranom na rodiny s\u00a0de\u0165mi. Pri ka\u017edom jedle mali aj mal\u00e9 deti (od jedn\u00e9ho roka, e\u0161te ich rodi\u010dia k\u0155mili) pred sebou obrazovku s\u00a0pohybliv\u00fdmi obr\u00e1zkami\/rozpr\u00e1vkami. Tie deti nevedeli ani \u010do jedia. Socializ\u00e1cia rodiny je nulov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u017dena, V\u0160, podnikate\u013eka<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Moje tu\u0161\u00edm v\u00a02. triede, u\u017e si to nepam\u00e4t\u00e1m, vtedy to bol boom. Ja som e\u0161te nemala mobil ani v\u00a0p\u00f4rodnici v\u00a0rokoch 1995 a\u00a01997.<br \/>\n2. V\u017edy robili pohybov\u00e9 aktivity a\u00a0pr\u00e1zdniny u\u00a0babky na dedine boli bez mobilu. Mo\u017eno sa hrali pol hodiny, hodinku, bavili ich v\u0161ak viac rozpr\u00e1vky v\u00a0telev\u00edzi\u00ed, aj knihy a\u00a0v\u00fdlety.<br \/>\n3. Jasn\u00e9, v\u017edy s\u00fa deti ovplyv\u0148ovan\u00e9, mo\u017eno s\u00fa na internete \u0161ikovnej\u0161ie. Ni\u010d v\u0161ak netreba preh\u00e1\u0148a\u0165, treba urobi\u0165 leporelo v\u0161etk\u00fdch aktiv\u00edt a\u00a0najm\u00e4 soci\u00e1lnych interakci\u00ed a\u00a0tr\u00e1vi\u0165 ve\u013ea \u010dasu so star\u00fdmi rodi\u010dmi, to ve\u013emi de\u0165om pom\u00e1ha.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u017dena, V\u0160, lek\u00e1rka<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. V\u00a0\u00f4smich rokoch.<br \/>\n2. Dve hodiny.<br \/>\n3. Nie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u017dena, V\u0160, mana\u017e\u00e9rka<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. V\u00a0tretej triede.<br \/>\n2. Pribli\u017ene trikr\u00e1t do t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a po 2 hodiny, plus \u010das na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach.<br \/>\n3. Zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 schopnos\u0165 vyjadrovania sa, n\u00e1ladovos\u0165<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>V\u00a0 prvej \u010dasti seri\u00e1lu o\u00a0 formovan\u00ed detskej psychiky sme sa zaoberali vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi vplyvmi na die\u0165a a\u00a0 na jeho prv\u00e9 stret\u00e1vanie sa so svetom, na ktor\u00fd si m\u00f4\u017ee siahnu\u0165. Pripomenieme d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 rozv\u00edjania motoriky r\u00fak pomocou sklada\u010diek, <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/detom-iba-to-najlepsie-2-cast\/\" title=\"De\u0165om iba to najlep\u0161ie? (2. \u010das\u0165)\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":692,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-724","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zaujalo-nas"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=724"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/724\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":727,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/724\/revisions\/727"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=724"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=724"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/skalickyobzor.sk\/cms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}